Towards a Revised Probabilistic Basis for Quantum Mechanics

Terrence L. Fine

Leon W. Cohen

Hwe Ik Zhang, M. Y. Choi

We observe that there exists a presumed ontology, on the basis of which a dynamical theory is formulated. Extracting the essence of the ontology underlying classical mechanics, we revise it suitably to accommodate quantum mechanics seamlessly. The revision goes through two stages: First, we elaborate the concept of “state” as the propensity of an object to arouse events on discerners. Second, we integrate the position and momentum spaces into a single entity, related via the Fourier transform. Based on this revised ontology, quantum mechanics is deduced naturally without relying upon any artificial assumptions like the “quantum condition” or mathematical apparatuses like the Hilbert space and self-adjoint operators. In consequence, such thorny issues as the “measurement problem” are shown to either resolve or simply disappear.

Luigi Accardi

Independent Researcher, Pakistan, Muhammad Aslam Musakhail, James Russell Farmer +1 more

This paper proposes a radical reinterpretation of electron dynamics in atoms, arguing for a fundamental revision of both Bohr and Schrödinger atomic models. Introducing the concept of a "Reverse Higgs process," the authors suggest that electrons can lose their rest mass and propagate at the speed of light as massless entities on electromagnetic or so-called "ghost" waves. The work challenges conventional quantum mechanical views of the radial wavefunction ψ(R), proposing instead that ψ(R) represents a constant orbital size rather than a probabilistic distribution. The authors present a geometric reinterpretation of orbital shapes using twisted rope analogies to explain transitions between s-, p-, d-, and f-orbitals, emphasizing that space-time curvature naturally leads to orbital quantization. By distinguishing between ghost waves and true electromagnetic waves, the study further argues that electron trajectories are well-defined rather than probabilistic clouds, effectively reinterpreting quantum entanglement and spin. Ultimately, the paper claims to complete Einstein’s theory of special relativity and suggests a unified framework for understanding electron propagation, molecular bonding, and the structure of complex molecules. This new perspective has implications for foundational physics and chemistry, challenging longstanding interpretations and proposing an alternative geometric and dynamic basis for atomic and molecular behavior.

C. T. K. Chari