The Probabilistic Nature of Quantum Mechanics

Jérémy Faupin, Jürg Martin Fröhlich, Baptiste Schubnel

Muhammad Zahid Ali

This paper proposes a Gadenkan experiment named “Observer’s Dilemma”, to investigate the probabilistic nature of observable phenomena. It has been reasoned that probabilistic nature in, otherwise uniquely deterministic phenomena can be introduced due to lack of information of underlying governing laws. Through theoretical consequences of the experiment, concepts of ‘Absolute Complete’ and ‘Observably Complete” theories have been introduced. Furthermore, nature of reality being ‘absolute’ and ‘observable’ have been discussed along with the possibility of multiple realities being true for observer. In addition, certain aspects of quantum mechanics have been interpreted. It has been argued that quantum mechanics is an ‘observably complete’ theory and its nature is to give probabilistic predictions. Lastly, it has been argued that “Everettian - Many world” interpretation of quantum mechanics is very real and true in the framework of ‘observable nature of reality’, for humans

Lazar Mayants

Suyu Li, Xia Yu, Mingxing Jin

Abstract Quantum mechanics is a physical theory based on statistical laws and can merely predict probabilities for the measurement outcomes, suggesting that it is an average description. Due to the lack of all the details of microscopic physical objects, only probabilistic predictions can be made for physical phenomena. In this paper, we discuss the root of the probabilistic descriptions in quantum theory by recalling the single photon interference experiments conducted by two commonly used optical interferometric systems: the Mazh–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and Young’s double-slit system (YDS). Though they are both two-path interference, it is shown that the quantum mechanics can provide deterministic predictions for the measurement outcomes in some special cases by adopting the MZI, while only probabilistic predictions can be provided for the measurement outcomes by adopting the YDS. We hope this work can help to understand the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics.

Brigitte Falkenburg, Peter Mittelstaedt

Luigi Accardi