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Bang-bang decoupling used in quantum optics for the first time

Sajeev Damodarakurup

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental suppression of polarization decoherence in a ring cavity uses a simple open-loop control technique known as bang-bang decou-pling. In recent years new strategies for maintaining the coherence (i.e., constant relative phase) of quantum systems have appeared.1, 2 Even if photons interact weakly with their surroundings, the re-sulting decoherence (i.e., randomization of the relative phase) may significantly affect their polarization state during propaga-tion within dispersive media. We show how the polarization de-coherence of a photon circling in a ring cavity can be suppressed by adapting to the field of quantum optics the open-loop pro-tection technique known as bang-bang (BB). This method is al-ready being employed for nuclear spins and nuclear-quadrupole qubits. It has potential practical application in the field of optical fibers.

DOI
10.1117/2.1200904.1550

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Experimental suppression of polarization decoherence in a ring cavity uses a simple open-loop control technique known as bang-bang decou-pling. In recent years new strategies for maintaining the coherence (i.e., constant relative phase) of quantum systems have appeared.1, 2 Even if photons interact weakly with their surroundings, the re-sulting decoherence (i.e., randomization of the relative phase) may significantly affect their polarization state during propaga-tion within dispersive media. We show how the polarization de-coherence of a photon circling in a ring cavity can be suppressed by adapting to the field of quantum optics the open-loop pro-tection technique known as bang-bang (BB). This method is al-ready being employed for nuclear spins and nuclear-quadrupole qubits. It has potential practical application in the field of optical fibers.
In recent years the interest in the manipulation of quantum systems has furthered new strategies for maintaining their coherence, continuously threatened by unwanted and uncontrollable interactions with the environment. Photons interact weakly with the surroundings. Even so decoherence may significantly affect their polarization state during the propagation within dispersive media because of the unavoidable presence of more than a single frequency in the envelope of the photon pulse. Here we report on a suppression of the polarization decoherence in a ring cavity obtained by properly retooling for the photon qubit the "bang-bang" protection technique already employed for nuclear spins and nuclear-quadrupole qubits. Our results show that bang-bang control can be profitably extended to all quantum information processes involving flying polarization qubits.
One of the fundamental limitations to high bit rate, long distance, telecommunication in optical fibers is Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD). Here we show how one can adapt bang-bang control techniques for suppressing the decoherence of polarization states in optical fibers by carrying out controlled rotations of polarization at predetermined locations along the fiber. We propose an experimental proof-ofprinciple demonstration of the idea based on the propagation of polarization qubits in a ring-cavity containing birefringent crystals and wave-plates.
Decoherence may significantly affect the polarization state of optical pulses propagating in dispersive media because of the unavoidable presence of more than a single frequency in the envelope of the pulse. Here we report on the suppression of polarization decoherence in a ring cavity obtained by properly retooling for photonic qubits the "bang-bang" protection technique already employed for nuclear spins and nuclear-quadrupole qubits. Our results show that bang-bang control can be profitably extended to quantum information processes involving flying polarization qubits.
In the propagation of optical pulses through dispersive media, the frequency degree of freedom acts as an effective decohering environment on the polarization state of the pulse. Here we discuss the application of open-loop dynamical-decoupling techniques for suppressing such a polarization decoherence in one-way communication channels. We describe in detail the experimental proof of principle of the ``bang-bang'' protection technique recently applied to flying qubits in Damodarakurup et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 040502 (2009)]. Bang-bang operations are implemented through appropriately oriented wave plates and dynamical decoupling is shown to be potentially useful to contrast a generic decoherence acting on polarization qubits propagating in dispersive media like optical fibers.
We describe two recent techniques, along with related experiments, to control and reduce the noise affecting a photon polarization qubit. The first is based on the open-loop 'bang–bang' method, where suitably tailored pulses are implemented on the system to prevent polarization decoherence. This requires only passive elements when the physical system is a photon and the operation is performed in space rather than in time. The second technique is based on closed-loop 'asymmetric feedback', where some quantities are measured and used for a real-time correction of the system dynamics. This technique necessarily requires active electronics to work.