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arXiv:1101.3739 · Physical Review A

Suppression of polarization decoherence for traveling light pulses via bang-bang dynamical decoupling

Marco Lucamarini, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Sajeev Damodarakurup, David Vitali, P. Tombesi

Published Mar 30, 2011• 20 citations
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Abstract

In the propagation of optical pulses through dispersive media, the frequency degree of freedom acts as an effective decohering environment on the polarization state of the pulse. Here we discuss the application of open-loop dynamical-decoupling techniques for suppressing such a polarization decoherence in one-way communication channels. We describe in detail the experimental proof of principle of the ``bang-bang'' protection technique recently applied to flying qubits in Damodarakurup et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 040502 (2009)]. Bang-bang operations are implemented through appropriately oriented wave plates and dynamical decoupling is shown to be potentially useful to contrast a generic decoherence acting on polarization qubits propagating in dispersive media like optical fibers.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.032320

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Decoherence may significantly affect the polarization state of optical pulses propagating in dispersive media because of the unavoidable presence of more than a single frequency in the envelope of the pulse. Here we report on the suppression of polarization decoherence in a ring cavity obtained by properly retooling for photonic qubits the "bang-bang" protection technique already employed for nuclear spins and nuclear-quadrupole qubits. Our results show that bang-bang control can be profitably extended to quantum information processes involving flying polarization qubits.
Experimental suppression of polarization decoherence in a ring cavity uses a simple open-loop control technique known as bang-bang decou-pling. In recent years new strategies for maintaining the coherence (i.e., constant relative phase) of quantum systems have appeared.1, 2 Even if photons interact weakly with their surroundings, the re-sulting decoherence (i.e., randomization of the relative phase) may significantly affect their polarization state during propaga-tion within dispersive media. We show how the polarization de-coherence of a photon circling in a ring cavity can be suppressed by adapting to the field of quantum optics the open-loop pro-tection technique known as bang-bang (BB). This method is al-ready being employed for nuclear spins and nuclear-quadrupole qubits. It has potential practical application in the field of optical fibers.
In recent years the interest in the manipulation of quantum systems has furthered new strategies for maintaining their coherence, continuously threatened by unwanted and uncontrollable interactions with the environment. Photons interact weakly with the surroundings. Even so decoherence may significantly affect their polarization state during the propagation within dispersive media because of the unavoidable presence of more than a single frequency in the envelope of the photon pulse. Here we report on a suppression of the polarization decoherence in a ring cavity obtained by properly retooling for the photon qubit the "bang-bang" protection technique already employed for nuclear spins and nuclear-quadrupole qubits. Our results show that bang-bang control can be profitably extended to all quantum information processes involving flying polarization qubits.
We address the issue of dephasing effects in flying polarization qubits propagating through optical fiber by using the method of dynamical decoupling. The control pulses are implemented with half-wave plates suitably placed along the realistic lengths of the single-mode optical fiber. The effects of the finite widths of the wave plates on the polarization rotation are modeled using tailored refractive index profiles inside the wave plates. We show that dynamical decoupling is effective in preserving the input qubit state with the fidelity close to unity when the polarization qubit is subject to the random birefringent noise in the fiber, as well the rotational imperfections (flip-angle errors) due to the finite width of the wave plates.
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