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IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (LEOS)

On-Demand Photon-Number State Generation via Cavity Parametric Down Conversion

Alex Hayat, Meir Orenstein

Published Oct 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Doubly-resonant cavity parametric down conversion (PDC) scheme provides both storage of signal photons and time-separation between idler photons, thus enabling the detection of the idler photon-number and the release on demand of the stored signal photon-number state
DOI
10.1109/leos.2006.279011

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Photons as flying qubits are ideal carriers of quantum information. However, efficient quantum interfaces which transfer flying into stationary qubits and vice versa are needed to realize complex quantum networks. Stationary qubit systems (atoms, ions, or solid state implementations) couple to photons via characteristic optical transitions. In order to establish key quantum operations, such as coherent photon storage, entanglement swapping, etc., high-quality photons with a tailored spectral, spatial, and temporal mode are needed. One way to generate these photons is to use the stationary qubit systems themselves. Another approach which does not impose limitations in terms of the photon’s wavelength or bandwidth relies on all-optical single photon sources. An example is spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) inside an optical cavity with well-defined linewidth. In SPDC, a pump photon incident on a nonlinear medium is split into two photons of lower energy that are often referred to as signal and idler. Resonating the fluorescent fields, the setup becomes an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) far below the threshold. The usually THz broad emission spectrum of SPDC then follows the Airy function of the resonator. The spectral bandwidth of the generated photons can easily reach values of several MHz, which is comparable to atom resonance linewidths. By introducing additional losses or simply changing the cavity mirror reflectivities the bandwidth is tunable up to several 100 MHz. This is comparable to the bandwidth of single photons generated by e.g. quantum dots.
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The authors propose a realizable scheme for an arbitrary photon-number state on-demand source based on parametric downconversion in a doubly resonant photonic cavity. The signal-wavelength resonance serves as storage for signal photons and the idler-wavelength resonance generates time separation between exiting idler photons, enabling photon-number-resolving detection. The counting of idler photons indicates the desired signal photon-number state, which can be released from the cavity on demand. They analyze the statistics of photon-number states generation and estimate the maximal repetition rates. Performance of the monolithic cavity for signal-storage and idler time spacing is limited, however, by external devices, namely, the long recovery time of existing single-photon detectors.