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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Development of a high power optical cavity for optomechanical QND experiment

T Mori, K. Agatsuma, S. W. Ballmer, S. Sakata, O. Miyakawa, Seiji Kawamura, Akira Furusawa, N. Mio

Published Jun 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In order to observe quantum radiation pressure noise and reduce it by measuring the ponderomotively squeezed light on a table-top experiment, we are developing a laser interferometer with Fabry-Perot cavities with very small suspended mirrors. As a preliminary setup, we have constructed a Fabry-Perot cavity of finesse 1300 with a suspended mirror of 20 mg. The cavity was locked stably at low laser power for which the classical radiation pressure caused little effect on the dynamics of the small mirror. For the stable operation of this cavity with higher laser power, a technique to control the motion of the small mirror, especially its yaw motion, is necessary. We describe that the motion can be stabilized through the radiation pressure of light inside the cavity, by controlling the motion of the front mirror of a Fabry-Perot cavity properly.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/363/1/012015

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In order to observe quantum radiation pressure noise and reduce it by measuring the ponderomotively squeezed light on a table-top experiment, we are developing a laser interferometer with Fabry-Perot cavities with very small suspended mirrors. As a preliminary setup, we have constructed a Fabry-Perot cavity of finesse 1300 with a suspended mirror of 20 mg. The cavity was locked stably at low laser power for which the classical radiation pressure caused little effect on the dynamics of the small mirror. For the stable operation of this cavity with higher laser power, a technique to control the motion of the small mirror, especially its yaw motion, is necessary. We describe that the motion can be stabilized through the radiation pressure of light inside the cavity, by controlling the motion of the front mirror of a Fabry-Perot cavity properly.
We have developed an experiment of ultrasensitive interferometric measurement of small displacements based on a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. We have observed the internal thermal noise of mirrors and fully characterized their acoustics modes with a sensitivity of 3 × 10 −20 m/Hz 1/2 . This unique sensitivity is a step towards the first observation of the radiation pressure effects and the resulting standard quantum limit in interferometric measurements. Our experiment may become a powerful facility to test quantum noise reduction schemes such as the use of squeezed light or quantum locking of mirrors. As a first result, we present the observation of a cancellation of radiation pressure effects in our cavity. This back-action noise cancellation was first proposed within the framework of gravitational-wave detection with dual resonators, and may drastically improve the sensitivity of such measurements.
The sensitivity in interferometric measurements such as gravitational-wave detectors is ultimately limited by quantum noise of light. We discuss the use of feedback mechanisms to reduce the quantum effects of radiation pressure. Recent experiments have shown that it is possible to reduce the thermal motion of a mirror by cold damping. The mirror motion is measured with an optomechanical sensor based on a high-finesse cavity, and reduced by a feedback loop. We show that this technique can be extended to lock the mirror at the quantum level. In gravitational-waves interferometers with Fabry-Perot cavities in each arms, it is even possible to use a single feedback mechanism to lock one cavity mirror on the other. This quantum locking greatly improves the sensitivity of the interferometric measurement. It is furthermore insensitive to imperfections such as losses in the interferometer.
Milligram-scale optomechanical systems are unique systems that have the potential to realize macroscopic yet quantum phenomena.To achieve a sensitivity that reaches the dominant region of quantum mechanics, we propose a system in which the optical radiation pressure traps the mirror in the rotational degrees of freedom even in a suspended linear cavity, and a high power laser beam can be coupled to it.An optomechanical system consists of mechanical oscillators and optical fields coupled to it.It is suitable for macroscopic quantum experiments because even a macroscopic oscillator's displacements can be read out with a precision greater than the wavelength of light.As mechanical oscillators, pendulums are often used above the milligram scale since they are resistant to environmental vibrations.However, when a linear cavity is built with a suspended mirror, the rotational motion of the mirrors become unstable due to the optical radiation pressure inside the cavity, a phenomenon known as Sidles-Sigg instability.To avoid the Sidles-Sigg instability, experiments were conducted using triangular cavities or rigid suspensions that reduce the effect of radiation pressure.However, quantum fluctuation was concealed by thermal noise in the complicated part of the system.Linear cavities consisting of only two mirrors are advantageous for high sensitivity reaching the quantum fluctuation.In this research, we find that even in a linear cavity, the Sidles-Sigg instability can be overcome if the masses of the two mirrors are unbalanced and the curvatures of the mirrors are shorter than the cavity length.We succeed in constructing a linear cavity with the smallest suspended mirror with curvature.Our optomechanical system becomes a highly sensitive force sensor by using a tiny 8-mg mirror as a test mass.With this system, we quantitatively evaluate the optical torsional spring effect due to the radiation pressure in the cavity, and validate our configuration.Furthermore, we demonstrate a quantum noise reduction technique by injecting classical intensity noise that imitates quantum noise.Improvements in the sensitivity are observed, and they are consistent with theoretical predictions.In addition, as a prospect for improving the sensitivity of our system towards the quantum regime, we discuss the idea of modifying the simple pendulum to a torsional pendulum, and show its promise.As a consequence, we establish a class of linear cavities, and present that these systems are competent for iii macroscopic quantum experiments.
We have developed an experiment of ultrasensitive interferometric measurement of small displacements based on a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. We describe recent progress in our experimental setup in order to reach a sensitivity better than 10-20 m/√Hz. This unique sensitivity is a step towards the first observation of radiation pressure effects and the resulting standard quantum limit in interferometric measurements. Our experiment may become a powerful facility to test quantum noise reduction schemes, and we already report the first experimental demonstration of a back-action noise cancellation. Using a classical radiation-pressure noise to mimic the quantum noise of light, we have observed a drastic improvement of sensitivity either in position or force measurements.
The sensitivity in interferometric measurements such as gravitational-wave detectors is ultimately limited by quantum noise of light. We discuss the use of feedback mechanisms to reduce the quantum effects of radiation pressure. Recent experiments have shown that it is possible to reduce the thermal motion of a mirror by cold damping. The mirror motion is measured with anoptomechanical sensor based on a high-finesse cavity, and reduced by a feedback loop. We show that this technique can be extended to lock the mirror at the quantum level. In gravitational-waves interferometers with Fabry-Perot cavities in each arms, it is even possible to use a single feedback mechanism to lock one cavity mirror on the other. This quantum locking greatly improves the sensitivity of the interferometric measurement. It is furthermore insensitive to imperfections such as losses in the interferometer.
Radiation pressure exerted by light in interferometric measurements is responsible for displacements of mirrors which appear as an additional back-action noise and limit the sensitivity of the measurement. We experimentally study these effects by monitoring in a very high-finesse optical cavity the displacements of a mirror with a sensitivity at the 10-20m/√Hz level. This unique sensitivity is a step towards the first observation of the fundamental quantum effects of radiation pressure and the resulting standard quantum limit in interferometric measurements. Our experiment may become a powerful facility to test quantum noise reduction schemes, and we already have demonstrated radiation-pressure induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same moving mirror cavity. Our scheme can be extended down to the quantum level and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics.