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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum optomechanical correlations induced by radiation pressure between light and mirrors

Tristan Briant, P. Verlot, Alexandros Tavernarakis, P.-F. Cohadon, A. Heidmann

Published Dec 29, 2008• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Radiation pressure exerted by light in interferometric measurements is responsible for displacements of mirrors which appear as an additional back-action noise and limit the sensitivity of the measurement. We experimentally study these effects by monitoring in a very high-finesse optical cavity the displacements of a mirror with a sensitivity at the 10-20m/√Hz level. This unique sensitivity is a step towards the first observation of the fundamental quantum effects of radiation pressure and the resulting standard quantum limit in interferometric measurements. Our experiment may become a powerful facility to test quantum noise reduction schemes, and we already have demonstrated radiation-pressure induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same moving mirror cavity. Our scheme can be extended down to the quantum level and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics.

DOI
10.1117/12.816413

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•Dec 20, 2012•0 citations
Radiation pressure exerted by light in interferometric measurements is responsible for displacements of mirrors which appear as an additional back-action noise and limit the sensitivity of the measurement. We experimentally study these effects by monitoring in a very high-finesse optical cavity the displacements of a mirror with a sensitivity at the 10-20m/√Hz level. This unique sensitivity is a step towards the first observation of the fundamental quantum effects of radiation pressure and the resulting standard quantum limit in interferometric measurements. Our experiment may become a powerful facility to test quantum noise reduction schemes, and we already have demonstrated radiation-pressure induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same moving mirror cavity. Our scheme can be extended down to the quantum level and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics.
Radiation pressure exerted by light in interferometric measurements is responsible for displacements of mirrors which appear as an additional back-action noise and limit the sensitivity of the measurement. We experimentally study these effects by monitoring in a very highfinesse optical cavity the displacements of a mirror with a sensitivity at the 10-20 m/√Hz level. This unique sensitivity is a step towards the first observation of the fundamental quantum effects of radiation pressure and the resulting standard quantum limit in interferometric measurements. Our experiment may become a powerful facility to test quantum noise reduction schemes, and we already report the first experimental demonstration of a back-action noise cancellation. Using a classical radiation-pressure noise to mimic the quantum noise of light, we have observed a drastic improvement of sensitivity both in position and force measurements.
We have developed an experiment of ultrasensitive interferometric measurement of small displacements based on a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. We have observed the internal thermal noise of mirrors and fully characterized their acoustics modes with a sensitivity of 3 × 10 −20 m/Hz 1/2 . This unique sensitivity is a step towards the first observation of the radiation pressure effects and the resulting standard quantum limit in interferometric measurements. Our experiment may become a powerful facility to test quantum noise reduction schemes such as the use of squeezed light or quantum locking of mirrors. As a first result, we present the observation of a cancellation of radiation pressure effects in our cavity. This back-action noise cancellation was first proposed within the framework of gravitational-wave detection with dual resonators, and may drastically improve the sensitivity of such measurements.
We have developed an experiment of ultrasensitive interferometric measurement of small displacements based on a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. We describe recent progress in our experimental setup in order to reach a sensitivity better than 10-20 m/√Hz. This unique sensitivity is a step towards the first observation of radiation pressure effects and the resulting standard quantum limit in interferometric measurements. Our experiment may become a powerful facility to test quantum noise reduction schemes, and we already report the first experimental demonstration of a back-action noise cancellation. Using a classical radiation-pressure noise to mimic the quantum noise of light, we have observed a drastic improvement of sensitivity either in position or force measurements.
Quantum radiation pressure noise has never been experimentally demonstrated, though it has been predicted for more than thirty years. It is, however, expected to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of second generation gravitational-wave interferometers. We have demonstrated classical radiation-pressure-induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same high-finesse cavity with a moving mirror. Our two-beam scheme can be used to retrieve quantum noise embedded in an overwhelming classical noise, and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics.
We discuss the use of active control to reduce mirrors position fluctuations at the quantum level. Recent experiments have shown that it is possible to reduce the thermal motion of a mirror by cold damping. The mirror motion is measured with an optomechanical sensor based on an high-finesse optical cavity, and corrected by a feedback loop. We show that this approach can be extended to lock the mirror motion at the quantum level and we propose to use this quantum locking technique to reduce the noise in interferometric measurements such as gravitational-waves detectors. We analyze the back-action effects of the optomechanical sensor and show that quantum limits can be transferred from the sensor measurement to the interferometric one. This simple technique allows one to suppress the quantum effects of radiation pressure in the interferometer and to greatly enhance its sensitivity. The effect is furthermore insensitive to losses in the interferometer.
Cavity Optomechanics, that is the study of the interaction between an optical cavity mode and a mechanical degree of freedom, has known impressive evolution over the past decade, to become a new field at the union of condensed matter physics and optics. One of the major goals of this discipline is to test and study quantum mechanics using macroscopic systems. Among the most fundamental problems the community aims to address is the question of the quantum limits in position measurement. Quantum mechanics predicts that any measurement comes along with a backaction, which perturbs the state of the measured system. Moreover, it is expected to be conjugated with the quantum noise of the measurement apparatus (called measurement noise) used to probe the system. The optimal sensitivity is reached whenever both the measurement and the backaction noise are identical, a situation which can be assimilated to the acceptance of Heisenberg's inequality for the measurement apparatus. In cavity optomechanics, the mode of an optical cavity is used as a measurement apparatus of the position of a mechanical resonator which is expected to be responsible for the backaction imprecision. However, this so-called radiation pressure quantum backaction has never been observed to date, while it remains a decisive step towards understanding quantum measurement processes. We describe in this manuscript the study of radiation pressure effects in cavity optomechanics. We introduce the optomechanical system we have developed, which consists in a cm-scale ultra high Q (~ 1 000 000) plano-convex mechanical resonator incorporated into a ultra-high finesse (~ 300 000) Fabry-Prot cavity. We present two important results we obtained with this system. First, we were able to report the first direct observation of radiation pressure in real-time, based on establishing pump-probe correlations. We were also able to demonstrate for the first time nonlinear backaction effects related to substantial improvement of position measurement sensitivity. We explain why demonstrating quantum backaction requires ultra-high stability of the optical mode. We present important changes made to the previous experimental setup, notably on the laser source, on the detection and the stabilization of the experiment. We then describe a new optomechanical detection technique providing an independent measurement of the cavity detuning. Finally, we present a proof-of-principle experiment allowing to extract quantum optomechanical correlations at room temperature.