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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Four-photon parametric up-conversion in sodium vapor pumped with monochromatic and noise radiation under strong and weak dispersion conditions

Andrey V Aleksandrov, Vladimir S Solomatin

Published Oct 31, 1983• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical investigation is made of the influence of various effects on four-photon parametric upconversion in metal vapors: saturation, one-photon absorption of output radiation, two-photon depletion of pump radiation, wave detuning, and dispersion of the group velocities of the interacting waves. Estimates indicate that the simultaneous influence of all these effects can ensure a fairly efficient up-conversion of noise pump radiation, compared with the monochromatic case. The results agree well with the experimental results obtained in a study of conversion of tunable CO2 laser radiation in sodium vapor.

DOI
10.1070/qe1983v013n10abeh004940

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A theoretical investigation is made of the influence of various effects on four-photon parametric upconversion in metal vapors: saturation, one-photon absorption of output radiation, two-photon depletion of pump radiation, wave detuning, and dispersion of the group velocities of the interacting waves. Estimates indicate that the simultaneous influence of all these effects can ensure a fairly efficient up-conversion of noise pump radiation, compared with the monochromatic case. The results agree well with the experimental results obtained in a study of conversion of tunable CO2 laser radiation in sodium vapor.
A systematic analysis was made of the spectral characteristics of resonance four-photon parametric conversion of infrared radiation as a result of two-photon resonance pumping of the 3S–3D and 3S–5S transitions in sodium and the influence of these characteristics on the threshold sensitivity of a parametric conversion detector was investigated. An experimental study was made of the characteristics of the noise radiation generated as a result of hyperparametric scattering. The results obtained can be used to select the optimal parameters of high-sensitivity detectors of weak infrared signals by parametric conversion in alkali metal vapors.
Four-photon parametric up-conversion of a weak infrared signal under conditions of two-photon resonance of a constant nonmonochromatic pump field is analyzed allowing for population migration, transient response of the medium, Stark shift of the levels, and width of the pump frequency spectrum. It is found that under steady-state conversion conditions in a nonmonochromatic pump field, it is possible to achieve an average conversion efficiency differing only negligibly from the maximum conversion efficiency in a monochromatic pump field. An analysis is made of the influence of optically induced relaxation on the average conversion efficiency in the transient regime. Numerical estimates are made of the transition parameters for an alkali metal vapor in a frequency-degenerate pump field exciting a two-photon transition.
A study was made of the dependences of the efficiency of resonant parametric frequency conversion in sodium vapor on the infrared radiation wavelength, vapor density, and detuning from two-photon pump resonance. It was found in this conversion system that for each infrared wave the conversion efficiency had three maxima on tuning the frequency of two-photon pumping over the region of a forbidden transition. The principal maximum was realized for accurate two-photon resonance, and the two other maxima resulted from a rise in the cubic susceptibility close to single-photon sum-frequency resonances. A quantum efficiency of 35% was achieved for a 9.26 μ infrared wave.
An experimental investigation was made of the use of noise pumping in four-photon resonant parametric sum-frequency generation in potassium vapor. A two-photon resonance with the 9S1/2 and 7D3/2,5/2 levels and a one-photon resonance with the 10P1/2,3/2 and 11P1/2,3/2 levels were used. A comparison was made with the case of coherent pumping and it was found that, under conditions of strong dispersion and wave mismatch, the efficiency of the process using noise pumping differs negligibly from the efficiency using coherent pumping although the spectral density of the coherent pump is substantially higher than that of the noise pump.
Investigations are made of hyper-Raman scattering and four-photon parametric processes in two-photon excitation of metal vapor. The laws of propagation of infrared and ultraviolet radiation generated in a metal vapor medium by these processes are found for the steady-state interaction. The nonlinear polarization of the medium is obtained in terms of elements of the atomic density matrix allowing for saturation by the pump field and for the influence of collisions. The spectral and tuning characteristics of the converted radiation are studied and a comparison is made with experimental data. A dip observed in the infrared radiation spectrum for hyper-Raman scattering and its broadening are explained. A detailed discussion is given of the role of collisions that substantially narrow the tuning range of the infrared radiation in hyper-Raman scattering.