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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Emission of λ≈2 μ stimulated radiation by holmium in aluminum holmium garnet crystals

A O Ivanov, I. V. Mochalov, Alexandra M. Tkachuk, V A Fedorov, P. P. Feofilov

Published Jan 31, 1975• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Stimulated emission was obtained from Ho 3+ ions ( 5 I 7 → 5 I 8 transition) in a new single-component self-activated system with aluminum holmium garnet crystals grown by the Czochralski method. The thresholds of the λ= 2.129 and 2.122 laser emission at 90 °K were 9 and 14 J/cm, respectively. The absorption and luminescence spectra were used in the derivation of the Stark splitting scheme of the 5 I 7 and 5 I 8 terms. The lifetime of the 5 I 7 term was determined (τ≈10 msec).

DOI
10.1070/qe1975v005n01abeh010821

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Stimulated emission was obtained from Ho 3+ ions ( 5 I 7 → 5 I 8 transition) in a new single-component self-activated system with aluminum holmium garnet crystals grown by the Czochralski method. The thresholds of the λ= 2.129 and 2.122 laser emission at 90 °K were 9 and 14 J/cm, respectively. The absorption and luminescence spectra were used in the derivation of the Stark splitting scheme of the 5 I 7 and 5 I 8 terms. The lifetime of the 5 I 7 term was determined (τ≈10 msec).
Stimulated emission due to the 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 transition (λ = 2.936 μ) in yttrium aluminum garnet (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) doped with Er 3+ ions (30 wt%) was observed for the first time at 300°K. The output energy from crystals of 50 × 3 mm dimensions was 0.3 J under free-oscillation conditions and 0.05 J in the case of Q switching. The lifetime of the 4 I 11/2 level was determined for crystals with 3–30 wt% Er 3+ . The energy from the higher Er 3+ levels relaxed in a cascade manner through 4 I 11/2 to 4 I 13/2 .
Stimulated emission was obtained from Tu 3+ ions in YAlO 3 crystals doped with 1.0 at. % Tu and 0.1 at. % Cr. The stimulated radiation was generated by the 3 F 4 → 3 H 5 (λ 1 )→ 3 H 5 → 3 H 6 (λ 2 ) cascade at wavelengths λ 1 = 2.34 μ and λ 1 =1.93 μ and the threshold was 3.5 J/cm at 90 °K. A scheme of radiative and nonradiative transitions between the terms was constructed. The absorption and luminescence spectra recorded at 4.2 °K were used to derive the Stark splitting scheme of the 3 H 4 and 3 H 6 terms of the thulium ion.
An investigation was made of the absorption spectrum of Cr 3+ ions in the ground ( 4 A 2 ) and metastable ( 2 E) states, and of the luminescence spectrum of the same ions in Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystals at 300 and 77°K. The effective absorption cross sections were determined for the 4 A 2 state. The luminescence deexcitation time was found to be 1.5 and 9 msec at 300 and 77°K, respectively. The absorption spectrum of the 2 E state had four wide absorption bands with maxima at 16,700, 23,300, 28,600, and 40,500 cm –1 . The theoretical energy level scheme of Cr 3+ was calculated for Dq = 1725 cm –1 , G = 640 cm –1 , C = 3200 cm –1 , v = 495 cm –1 , and v' = 259 cm –1 , making an allowance for the mixing of the Γ trig S states. The experimentally observed absorption bands were attributed to specific transitions and the theoretical and experimental intensities were compared.