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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Peculiar Signal in the Hanle Effect Experiments on the 6p01 Level of Xenon

Takanori Suzuki

Published Jan 1, 1978• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Hanle effect was studied on the xenon 6 p 01 level by using a xenon laser at 3.99 µm (5 d 00 -6 p 01 ) and fluorescences of 979.9 nm (6 p 01 -6 s 12 ) and 1083.8 nm (6 p 01 -6 s 12 ) transitions. In addition to the intensity variation due to the Hanle signal and Doppler profile, a peculiar signal was observed which had a width of about twenty times the Hanle width of the 6 p 01 level. This signal is found to be independent of the coherence among the Zeeman sublevels of the 6 p 01 level.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.44.297

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The Hanle effect was studied on the xenon 6 p 01 level by using a xenon laser at 3.99 µm (5 d 00 -6 p 01 ) and fluorescences of 979.9 nm (6 p 01 -6 s 12 ) and 1083.8 nm (6 p 01 -6 s 12 ) transitions. In addition to the intensity variation due to the Hanle signal and Doppler profile, a peculiar signal was observed which had a width of about twenty times the Hanle width of the 6 p 01 level. This signal is found to be independent of the coherence among the Zeeman sublevels of the 6 p 01 level.
Hanle effect studies using circularly polarized laser beam and linearly polarized laser beam were carried out. Lifetimes, orientation and alignment destruction cross sections were measured for the 5 d 33 , 6 p 22 and 6 p 01 excited levels of xenon. The observed ratio of orientational cross section to alignment cross section for Xe–Xe scattering was 1.1±0.4 for the 5 d 33 level, and 0.55±0.2 for the 6 p 22 level. The ratio for Xe–He scattering was 0.8±0.2 for the 5 d 33 level and 0.6±0.2 for the 6 p 22 level. They are compared with those calculated by Wang and Tomlinson. The observed radiative lifetime was 520±30 ns for the 5 d 33 level, 35±2 ns for the 6 p 22 level and 37±4 ns for the 6 p 01 level. The decay rate of the 5 d 33 level observed in the coherence transfer with spontaneous emission is consistent with the width of the Mania signal.
We have carried out experimental and theoretical investigations of the Hanle effect in the 1S0^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0}1S0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{3}$P1{\mathrm{P}}_{1}P1​ transition at \ensuremath{\lambda}=555.6 nm in 174Yb^{174}\mathrm{Yb}174Yb, emphasizing the dependence of the Hanle signal on the intensity and on the statistical parameters of a well-characterized phase-diffusing optical field. The phase and frequency fluctuations imposed on the laser beam by a system of modulators are described by two parameters corresponding to the bandwidth \ensuremath{\beta} and the spectral density b of the noise spectrum. The shape of the laser power spectrum is continuously variable between nearly Gaussian (b/\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\gg}1) and nearly Lorentzian (b/\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\ll}1). Measurements are made with a well-collimated Yb atomic beam crossed at right angles by a linearly polarized laser beam. In accord with theoretical predictions, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Hanle effect coherence dip is found to increase as the square root of the laser intensity for monochromatic excitation. For a given intensity, the FWHM decreases as the laser bandwidth increases. With the same laser intensity and spectral width, the FWHM of the Hanle coherence dip increases as the laser spectral profile approaches the Gaussian limit, particularly when \ensuremath{\beta}/2\ensuremath{\pi} is within an order of magnitude of the natural width of the atomic line. The Hanle signal shapes agree well with theoretical calculations using a Brownian motion phase-diffusion model of the laser field. For large \ensuremath{\beta}, it suffices to apply substitution rules for simple phase diffusion to the density-matrix equations.
We measure and simulate numerically the Hanle effect and non-zero field level crossing signals in 85 Rb and 87 Rb atoms in a magnetic field at room temperature. Diode laser radiation from 4 mW cm −2 to 3.3 W cm −2 tuned to the D 2 absorption line of each isotope excites atoms into all the excited-state hyperfine levels simultaneously inside the unresolved Doppler profile. Polarization fluorescence detection is used to observe dark and bright resonances, as well as non-zero field level crossing resonances, for several excitation lines. A broad spectral line excitation model is applied to analyse the measured signals. The non-linear Zeeman effect is included in the model for both ground and excited states. Although the applied magnetic field does not exceed 80 G, several hyperfine levels of the excited state show a substantial deviation from the linear Zeeman effect.
We report results of calculations on the Hanle effect in a J=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}J=1 atomic transition with three types of model fluctuating light fields: (a) the Brownian-motion phase-diffusion field, as produced in recent experiments by Arnett et al. [Phys. Rev. A 41, 2580 (1990)]; (b) Gaussian amplitude fluctuations; and (c) the chaotic field model, in which real and imaginary parts of the electric-field amplitude fluctuate. For the stochastic density-matrix equations, we use methods developed by Zoller and co-workers [e.g., Dixit, Zoller, and Lambropoulos, Phys. Rev. A 21, 1289 (1980)] employing the Fokker-Planck operator and leading to matrix continued-fraction expansions. The Hanle effect is of interest as a prototype for multisublevel atomic transitions. The width of the Hanle dip at zero magnetic field reflects the tendency of the light field to preserve the coherence between excited-state sublevels. For monochromatic light, the Hanle dip width increases as the square root of light intensity. When the laser bandwidth increases, power broadening of the coherence dip normally decreases. However, with the Brownian-motion phase-diffusion model, if the laser spectral profile is nearly Gaussian, broadening the laser up to several times the natural width of the atomic line does not diminish the Hanle dip width. With amplitude fluctuations, even in the limit of monochromatic light, power broadening of the Hanle dip with intensity is reduced by one-third to one-half depending on the particular model.
The results obtained in a previous article [Phys. Rev. A 23, 1365 (1981)] for the optical Hanle effect of an atomic beam (no Doppler broadening) are extended to the case of a dilute gas with Doppler width greater than the collision or natural width. It is shown that the optical Hanle effect is independent of the Doppler width for the case where the strong-field detuning is larger than the Rabi frequency and the weak-field excitation detuning. Analytical results are obtained for a $J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J=1$ transition.