Nuclear hyperpolarization from optically pumped color centers in solids offers an alternative to conventional microwave-driven dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Diamond can host the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center, whose ground spin state can be readily polarized by light at room temperature, making diamond a candidate platform for nuclear hyperpolarization. We report
13C nuclear hyperpolarization in randomly oriented diamond particles with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2
μm, both at natural
13C abundance (1.1 %) and at 20 % isotopic enrichment, at magnetic fields of 7.1 T and 9.4 T. The protocol combines optical illumination with magic angle spinning (MAS) and does not require microwave irradiation. By investigating the nuclear polarization as a function of the MAS frequency between 0 and 6 kHz at the magnetic field of 7.1 T, we find maximum light-induced polarization enhancements of
280-fold for the isotopically enriched sample and
411-fold for the natural abundance sample. Under continuous illumination, steady-state absolute
13C polarization levels above 0.1 % are reached. A model involving optical pumping of NV centers and spin dynamics near level anticrossings (LACs) in three-spin clusters formed by NV, a substitutional nitrogen (P1) and
13C is used to describe these findings. The protocol strongly mitigates the effect of the anisotropy of the NV spin Hamiltonian, allowing more than
99.9% of NV orientations to participate in the polarization transfer process. These results represent a first step toward transferring nuclear polarization from diamond particles to external nuclei, with potential applications in sensitive and high-resolution NMR at room temperature.
We report polarization of a dense nuclear-spin ensemble in diamond at room temperature. The method is based on the transfer of electron spin polarization of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers to the nuclear spins via the excited-state level anti-crossing (ESLAC) of the center. We demonstrate polarization of 80% of the 14 N nuclear spins related to the NV centers, as well as that of 50% of the proximal 13 C nuclear spins. This work may enable polarization of the 13 C in bulk diamond, which is of interest to applications of nuclear magnetic resonance, quantum memories in hybrid quantum devices, and in sensing.