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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Beyond the Jaynes–Cummings model

Stig Stenholm

Published Nov 7, 2013• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Jaynes?Cummings model is approached as a single-mode case of the solvable Lee model. This model can be treated for all mode numbers up to the continuum limit, which encompasses various adiabatic processes, finite renormalization and the emergence of irreversible time evolution.
DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/46/22/224013

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The dynamics of the much studied Jaynes–Cummings model, of a single two-level atom interacting with a single quantized field mode, is simple to solve for because the number of quanta in the system is strictly conserved. Including the effects of cavity damping makes the model significantly more difficult to treat. Here we present a simple derivation of the evolution of the atomic inversion in the presence of cavity damping. This will enable us to explain the physical meaning of the solution, first derived more than 20 years ago, and also to show that it is valid for much stronger damping than was appreciated at that time.
In this article we present a simple and unified procedure to solve various nonlinear two-level Jaynes-Cummings models. By establishing their similarity to the model describing a spin- particle in a magnetic field, we obtain the standardized forms, appropriate uniformly for all Jaynes-Cummings models, of eigenvalues, eigenstates, evolution, and atomic inversion operators. In this way, we show that the analytical solution of any single-mode and two-mode nonlinear Jaynes-Cummings model can easily be obtained. We also apply this procedure to a three-mode Jaynes-Cummings model.
Introduction In 1963, E. T. Jaynes and F. W. Cummings published a paper entitled “Comparison of Quantum and Semiclassical Radiation Theories, with Application to the Beam Maser.” This paper was written at a time when the quantum theory of the laser had not yet been worked out, and represented an attempt at discussing the new behaviour that could be expected from treating the field quantum mechanically instead of classically. Jaynes and Cummings began by considering the interaction between a single two-level molecule and a single field mode, a simple situation which has become known as the Jaynes-Cummings model. Treating then the maser medium as a beam of two-level systems initially in a mixture of their upper and lower states characterized by a temperature T , they found that the field mode reached a thermal equilibrium with temperature T f = Ω T /ω, where ω is the transition frequency of the two-level systems and Ω is the field mode frequency, provided that T > 0. For T < 0, the steady state field was found to contain an infinite amount of energy, an unphysical result resulting from the neglect of losses in the model. Jaynes and Cummings then proceeded to develop an alternative semi-classical theory of the beam maser, introducing their famous neo-classical theory of spontaneous emission. An important follow-up paper was published by F. W. Cummings, who studied the long-time behavior of a two-level system interacting with a quantized single-mode field initially in a coherent state.