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Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

An experimental realization of the quantum -kicked rotor

Mark G. Raizen, F L Moore, J C Robinson, C. F. Bharucha, Bala Sundaram

Published Jun 1, 1996• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study experimentally quantum effects in atomic motion for a classically chaotic regime. A standing wave is pulsed on periodically in time, and the resulting atomic momentum is measured. Momentum grows diffusively until the quantum break time, after which dynamical localization is observed. Quantum resonances are observed for certain pulse durations.

DOI
10.1088/1355-5111/8/3/028

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We study experimentally quantum effects in atomic motion for a classically chaotic regime. A standing wave is pulsed on periodically in time, and the resulting atomic momentum is measured. Momentum grows diffusively until the quantum break time, after which dynamical localization is observed. Quantum resonances are observed for certain pulse durations.
We measure the momentum of cold cesium atoms in a periodically pulsed standing wave of light. This system is an experimental realization of the quantum kicked rotor. The momentum diffusion in the (chaotic) classical analog of this system is typically suppressed by quantum localization. We find, however, that for certain pulse amplitudes where the classical system exhibits anomalous diffusion, our momentum distributions are not exponentially localized. We observe a predicted correspondence between the classical and quantum energy growth as a function of pulse amplitude and period.
We report the first direct experimental realization of the quantum $\ensuremath{\delta}$-kicked rotor. Our system consists of a dilute sample of ultracold sodium atoms in a periodic standing wave of near-resonant light that is pulsed on periodically in time to approximate a series of delta functions. Momentum spread of the atoms increases diffusively with every pulse until the "quantum break time" after which exponentially localized distributions are observed. Quantum resonances are found for specific values of the pulse period.
We report a direct observation of dynamical localization. This effect is a quantum suppression of diffusion in a system that is classically chaotic. Our experiment measures the momentum transferred from a modulated standing wave of a near-resonant laser to a sample of ultracold atoms and is a realization of a periodically driven rotor. The conceptual simplicity and experimental control over the time dependent Hamiltonian make this system an ideal testing ground for the predictions of quantum chaos.
By submitting a cloud of cold caesium atoms to a periodically pulsed standing wave, we experimentally realized a quantum system presenting a dynamic that is chaotic in the classical limit called the Kicked Rotor. Such a system presents a phenomenon called dynamical localization (DL). DL is the suppression of the classical chaotic energy growth by quantum interferences due to long range coherence in momentum space. After a breaktime, the quantum momentum distribution is frozen to a steady state and the energy is stuck to an asymptotic value.
We report on the experimental observation of environment induced decoherence in the quantum delta-kicked rotor. Ultracold cesium atoms are subjected to a pulsed standing wave of near resonant light. Spontaneous scattering of photons destroys dynamical localization thereby giving rise to a quantum diffusion, which approaches the classical diffusion with an increasing degree of decoherence. This tendency is enhanced by a stronger stochasticity in the underlying classical system. A comparison with theoretical predictions is presented.