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Physica Scripta

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency: Laws of Light Transmission in a Continuous Wave Experiment

Norbert Leinfellner, Arno Huss, Stanislav B. Baluschev, Christian Neureiter, I. E. Mazets, Eugeny Korsunsky, Laurentius Windholz

Published Dec 1, 1998• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report on first measurements of the dependence of the transmission of resonant polarized light on the optical length in a continuous wave electromagnetically induced transparency regime. The law of light propagation is found to be exponential, with an absorption coefficient smaller compared to its value in the non-transparent case. This result is explained by a transient character of the absorption and the presence of losses of atomic population to non-observable magnetic sublevels of the ground state.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/58/6/006

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We report on first measurements of the dependence of the transmission of resonant polarized light on the optical length in a continuous wave electromagnetically induced transparency regime. The law of light propagation is found to be exponential, with an absorption coefficient smaller compared to its value in the non-transparent case. This result is explained by a transient character of the absorption and the presence of losses of atomic population to non-observable magnetic sublevels of the ground state.
We present theoretical results for the propagation dynamics of an electromagnetic field pulse through rubidium vapor, while another field, a continuous-wave electromagnetic field, is present. The frequencies of both electromagnetic fields are resonant with the transition between the ground and excited state hyperfine levels of Rb, Fg → Fe = Fg ± 1. Detuning from resonance is done by the magnetic field oriented along the light propagation direction (Hanle configuration). When both the electromagnetic fields are simultaneously interacting with Rb atoms, either electromagnetically induced transparency or absorption is induced. Propagation dynamics was obtained solving the set of Maxwell–Bloch equations for the interacting atoms with two electromagnetic fields. Motivated by recent results (Brazhnikov et al 2011 Eur. Phys. J. D 63 315–25; Brazhnikov et al 2010 JETP Lett. 91 625–9; Kou et al 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 063807), we have analyzed the influence of experimental parameters, laser polarization, and mutual phases between lasers, which can lead to optical switching, i.e. the transformation from electromagnetically induced absorption to transparency and vice versa.
The evolution of an electromagnetic wave with slowly varying polarization, which interacts resonantly with the medium formed by degenerate two-level atoms, is studied using the wave function approach under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. It is shown that the amplitude of the wave field propagates at the velocity of light in such a medium. The equation obtained for the polarization parameter has a solution in the form of a simple wave. The breaking length is determined. It is shown that the velocity of propagation of polarization waves may be much smaller than the velocity of light. The proposed approach is common for two-level systems with an arbitrary degeneracy. The case of a system with Zeeman degeneracy is analyzed in detail. The dependence of the velocity of propagation of the polarization structure on the amplitude and polarization is determined for an arbitrary level degeneracy. The evolution of the polarization structure in such a medium is discussed.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption of a monochromatic light controlled by a radio frequency field in the cold multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms are theoretically investigated. These Zeeman sublevels are coupled by a radio frequency (RF) field. Both electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption can be obtained by tuning the frequency of RF field for both the linear polarization and elliptical polarization monochromatic lights. When the transfer of coherence via spontaneous emission from the excited state to the ground state is considered, electromagnetically induced absorption can be changed into electromagnetically induced transparency with the change of intensity of radio field. The transparency windows controlled by the RF field can have potential applications in the magnetic-field measurement and quantum information processing.
We demonstrate the magnitude dependence of electromagnetically induced transparency, in a three-level cascade scheme in rubidium, on the probe and coupling field polarizations. We show that this dependence is due to the presence of the degenerate magnetic sublevels and the strengths of their relative dipole matrix elements. It is shown that this can lead to modified absorption profiles when electromagnetically induced transparency is used for spectroscopic purposes. We present theory that is in good agreement with our experiments.
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The elimination of the absorption of a weak electromagnetic wave in a three-level atomic system in the presence of a strong resonant electromagnetic wave is well known in optics. This effect is termed electromagnetically induced transparency. We have theoretically investigated this effect in a crystal of molecular magnets. The crystal is subject to two (weak and strong) resonant magnetic fields. We discuss the choice of polarization of the magnetic fields. The influence of the distribution of the longitudinal anisotropy constant and the Land\'e factor on the manifestation of electromagnetically induced transparency has been studied. The amplitude of the strong field required for observation of the effect has been estimated.