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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Two-photon optogalvanic Rydberg spectra of neon

Naveed K. Piracha, B Suleman, S H Khan, Muhammad Aslam Baig

Published Jun 28, 1995• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report extensive new data on the single-colour two-photon optogalvanic spectra of neon in the visible region. The experimental method enables us to record a pure two-photon spectrum in a region which is full of one-photon transitions. A large number of two-photon transitions originating from two metastable 3s(3/2) 2 , 3s'( 1/2 ) 0 states and one non-metastable 3s(3/2) I state of the 2p 5 3s configuration of neon have been recorded and arranged into 19 Rydberg series. The interchannel interactions among the overlapping Rydberg series have been studied using the multichannel quantum defect theory.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/28/12/018

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We report extensive new data on the single-colour two-photon optogalvanic spectra of neon in the visible region. The experimental method enables us to record a pure two-photon spectrum in a region which is full of one-photon transitions. A large number of two-photon transitions originating from two metastable 3s(3/2) 2 , 3s'( 1/2 ) 0 states and one non-metastable 3s(3/2) I state of the 2p 5 3s configuration of neon have been recorded and arranged into 19 Rydberg series. The interchannel interactions among the overlapping Rydberg series have been studied using the multichannel quantum defect theory.
The one- and two-colour spectra of Neon Rydberg states have been recorded in the energy region below the first ionization threshold. Access to this region is achieved by recording the yield of Ne2+ ions formed in an associative ionization process between atoms in the Rydberg states formed in the photonic excitation and ground state neutral atoms. The one-colour spectra permit a study of the AI process as a function of the principal quantum number of the photo-excited Rydberg state while the two-colour spectra give access to Rydberg series previously unobserved using photon excitation.
We present new experimental data on the highly excited levels in mercury using the optogalvanic detection technique in conjunction with a dc discharge cell. The collisionally populated 6s6p 3P2 metastable level has been used as an intermediate level to access the Rydberg states using a frequency-doubled dye laser covering the wavelength region between 370 and 249 nm. The optogalvanic data reveal 6sns 3S1(13≤n≤50), 6snd 2D1(6≤n≤18), 6snp 3D1(6≤n≤14), 6snd 3D2(6≤n≤15), and 6snd 3D3(6≤n≤59) Rydberg series. The 6sns 3S1 and 6snd 3D3 Rydberg series to such a high n value have been reported for the first time. In addition, collisionally induced parity-forbidden transitions 6snp 3P1(44≤n≤50) have been detected.
We report in this paper the principle of the calculation of the hyperfine components of a two-photon absorption line and we compare the results of the calculation with some of our expérimental results. In the first part of the paper, the two-photon transition operator is expanded on a tensorial irreductible set basis. That operator is generally the sum of two operators, one scalar and the other one quadrupolar. We deduce from it the selection rules for two-photon absorption and the formulae which permit one to calculate the intensities of the hyperfine components of a two-photon absorption line. We also report the density matrix in the excited state obtained after the two-photon excitation process, which permits one to calculate the fluorescence lines. At last we present the atomic quantities involved in the collision broadening of a two-photon absorption line. In the second part, we present the experimental hyperfine spectra obtained on the neon 21 atom for the transitions between the 3s[3/2] 2 metastable level and the 4d'[5/2] 2, 4d'[3/2] 2 and 4d[3/2] 2 excited levels. We show that the expérimental ratios between the scalar and the quadrupolar parts are very different from one transition to another. At last we compare these ratios with theoretical values obtained using the formulae of the first part. We find a good agreement between expérimental and theoretical values.
We report a reinvestigation of the 6snf 1,3F3 (9 < or = n < or = 30), 6snp 1P1 (12 < or = n < or = 56), 6snp 3P1 (12 < or = n < or = 21) and 6snp 3P2 (12 < or = n < or = 19) Rydberg states of ytterbium atom using a two-colour three-photon resonant excitation technique through the 4f146s5d 1D2 intermediate level. The spectra were observed using two dye lasers simultaneously pumped by a common Nd:YAG laser in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. Some new levels have been identified in the vicinity of the 6snf (9 < or = n < or = 16) Rydberg levels. Three new perturbers 4f135d 26s3D3 at 48 584.1 cm-1, 4f135d26s 1F3 at 49 122.4 cm-1 and 4f135d26s 3G3 at 49 661.6 cm-1 have been located in addition to observation of the 6s9d 1D2 and 6p2 1D2 even parity levels due to sequential excitation from the 6s6p 1P1 level. The interchannel interactions among the J = 2 and J = 3 channels have been analysed using multichannel quantum defect theory.
An optogalvanic detection scheme, in conjunction with a single-step pulsed laser excitation has been used to measure the energy of even parity Rydberg levels in krypton. The excitation scheme starts from the 5s(3/2)2 and 5s'(1/2)0 metastable states, which have been populated in a He-Kr discharge tube. Measured energies were compared to either calculated or previously measured values. Calculated energies were obtained with the Rydberg formula using quantum defects extrapolated from the known low-lying levels. Keywords include: Krypton, Rydberg atoms, Atomic spectra, Optogalvanic spectroscopy.