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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Influence of the Stark effect on multiphoton ionization of atoms when the dynamic polarizability depends strongly on the laser frequency

І. І. Бондар, В. В. Суран

Published Feb 1, 1998• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The influence of the Stark effect on multiphoton ionization of Ba atoms under conditions when the dynamic polarizability depends strongly on the frequency of the laser radiation is investigated. It is found that for some electric field strengths ε of the laser radiation this effect gives rise to resonance peaks in the Ba + ion yield as a function of the laser radiation frequency at frequencies corresponding to single-photon transitions between the excited states. These frequencies can differ substantially from the frequencies corresponding to the conventional multiphoton excitation of these states from the ground states of the atoms. Peaks in the ion yield as a function of ε behave differently from the conventional Stark effect—their position on the frequency scale does not depend strongly on ε . The conditions under which such an induced resonance structure appears are determined.

DOI
10.1134/1.558453

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The influence of the Stark effect on multiphoton ionization of Ba atoms under conditions when the dynamic polarizability depends strongly on the frequency of the laser radiation is investigated. It is found that for some electric field strengths ε of the laser radiation this effect gives rise to resonance peaks in the Ba + ion yield as a function of the laser radiation frequency at frequencies corresponding to single-photon transitions between the excited states. These frequencies can differ substantially from the frequencies corresponding to the conventional multiphoton excitation of these states from the ground states of the atoms. Peaks in the ion yield as a function of ε behave differently from the conventional Stark effect—their position on the frequency scale does not depend strongly on ε . The conditions under which such an induced resonance structure appears are determined.
The influence of the dynamic Stark effect on photoelectron angular distributions for two-photon-resonant three-photon ionization of sodium by way of the 42D4^{2}D42D fine-structure components has been investigated. Owing to the dynamic Stark shift of the atomic transition frequency, the angular distributions expected at low laser intensities were modified as different transitions were intensity tuned into and out of resonance with the laser frequency. The distributions are in good qualitative agreement with theory.
We studied experimentally the two-photon excitation of 5d7s/sup 3/D/sub 2/ state of Ba atom strongly perturbed in result of ac-Stark effect realisation. The perturbation of this state was fulfilled by influence of YAG-laser radiation. For excitation of this state we used the tunable dye-laser radiation. The investigations were performed by the resonant ionization spectroscopy method. We measured the Ba/sup +/ ions yield caused by the ionization of Ba atoms through the two-photon resonance with perturbed 5d7s/sup 3/D/sub 2/ state in cases when the electric vectors of both used radiations were parallel and orthogonal.
Experimental investigations of resonant structure in doubly charged ion (A 2+ ) formation were carried out during Sr and Ba atom ionization by infrared laser radiation (ω = 8400-9100 cm -1 ). It has been shown that in this case the mechanism of ion formation is a two-electron process - the ions are produced immediately from the neutral atoms. It has been found for the first time that the resonant structure in A 2+ ion formation in such conditions is due to the excitation and ionization of neutral-atom mixed states. The atomic-state mixing in this case results from the Stark effect provided that the polarizability of these states is very high.
The energy levels of atoms and molecules exposed to intense, short, high-frequency laser pulses undergo time-dependent distortion known as dynamic Stark shift (DSS). These level shifts are induced by the coupling with nonresonant (nonessential) states and follow the temporal intensity profile of the laser pulse. Owing to the different DSSs of the individual atomic levels, transient resonance suppressions and enhancements significantly modify the multiphoton ionization pathway, leaving clear fingerprints (asymmetry, splitting, and shifting) in the energy spectrum of emitted photoelectrons. Here we investigate this phenomenon by solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation of the valence electron of Na and Li in increasing levels of complexity: (i) developing minimal models for two-photon transition and (2+12+12+1)-photon ionization, (ii) applying a spectral method without continuum-continuum couplings, and (iii) propagating the electron wave packet on a large spatial grid accounting for all possible couplings. We show that appropriately detuned transform limited pulses provide a high level of control in strong-field excitation, when the atomic levels are dynamically shifted. Furthermore, we demonstrate the role of DSSs in the multipeak structure of the Autler-Townes doublet, found when several Rabi oscillations are induced during the strong-field resonant ionization.