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TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan)

Study of Cryocooler-based HTS SQUID Cooling System Involving an Infrared Temperature Controller

Souichiro IWAO, Yoshimi Hatsukade, Saburo Tanaka

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A high-Tc superconducting quantum interference device(HTS SQUID)cooling system was developed based on a pulse-tube cryocooler (PTC) and a novel temperature controller. In this system, the temperature controller uses infrared irradiation instead of the commonly employed electric heater to provide accurate and low-noise performances. The infrared light was irradiated via a fiber-optic cable onto a SQUID-mount stage, where a HTS SQUID was cooled to approximately 77 K by the PTC. The output of the irradiation source was controlled with a feedback scheme while monitoring the temperature of the SQUID-mount stage. The temperature of the stage was stabilized at 77 K, and kept within ±0.03 K deviation, for more than 2 hr by the temperature controller. The measured magnetic flux noise of the HTS SQUID magnetometer in the cooling system with the temperature controller showed little magnetic influence due to infrared irradiation.

DOI
10.2221/jcsj.40.300

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A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson heterodyne oscillator based on step-edge junction technology has recently been developed (Du et al 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 033507, Macfarlane et al 2009 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 920). In this work, the implementation and characterization of such a heterodyne oscillator on a compact pulse-tube cryocooler (PTC) are presented. The rf performance of the oscillator cooled by the cryocooler is compared to that of the same device when cooled in the quiet gas phase of a liquid helium Dewar. Any measurable influence of additional electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration of the cryocooler on the oscillator performance is assessed by measuring the linewidth broadening of the heterodyne oscillation. The cryocooled oscillator demonstrated excellent performance and negligible excess noise was observed when operating the PTC.
A millimeter (mm) wave broadband video detecting system using high temperature superconducting (HTS) junction and compact pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) has been studied. The lowest attainable temperature of the PTC is 42K and the operating temperature (T) can be adjusted by changing the pressure difference in the compressor. By measuring the linewidth of the Josephson oscillation as well as the dynamic range of the Josephson detector, it is found that the PTC has no excess noise compared with other kinds of cryostats such as liquid helium cryostats, and is very suitable for the applications in the mm wave detecting system. Furthermore, to improve the sensitivity of the system, the coupling efficiency of the system has been studied in detail. It is found that the coupling efficiency increases with the increase of RN linearly, and is better than 1% for RN of 1.7 Ohm. A sensitivity of about 318V/W has been obtained for the system based on the PTC and a junction with RN=1.7 Ohm and ICRN =1mV.
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A millimeter (mm) wave broadband video detecting system based on high temperature superconducting (HTS) junction and compact pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) has been studied. The lowest attainable temperature of the PTC is 42K and the operating temperature (T) can be adjusted by changing the pressure difference in the compressor. By measuring the linewidth of the Josephson oscillation as well as the dynamic range of the Josephson detector, it is found that the PTC has no excess noise compared with other kinds of cryostats such as liquid helium cryostats, and is very suitable for the applications in the mm wave detecting system. Furthermore, to improve the sensitivity of the system, the coupling efficiency of the system has been studied in detail. It is found that the coupling efficiency increases with the increase of RN linearly, and is better than 1% for RN of 1.7 Ω . A sensitivity of about 318 V/W has been obtained for the system based on the PTC and a junction with RN=1.7 Ω and ICRN = 1mV.
We have performed a study of the low-frequency noise in high-temperature radio frequency (rf) superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) cooled in static magnetic fields. At 77 K, the noise of different thin-film YB2C3O7−x washer rf SQUIDs was measured in static magnetic fields up to 55 μT. The SQUID inductances ranged from 150 to 300 pH. The measured low-frequency flux noise of the SQUIDs SΦ1/2 at 1 Hz was between 70 and 350 μΦ0/√Hz, and in terms of magnetic field noise SB1/2 between 120 and 1100 fT/√Hz. The low-frequency noise of all devices at 1 Hz showed no significant increase for all applied static fields.
The authors evaluated the operation of high-temperature superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-array interface circuits (IFCs) with normal-metal control lines. Transimpedance amplification was obtained at an operating speed of 1 Gb/s using a cryocooler. The effect of the number of SQUIDs connected in series and the number of arrays connected in parallel on the level of output from the SQUID-array IFCs was examined by Josephson circuit simulation, and then the effect of statistical spreads of junction characteristics was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. It was found that the configuration of two parallel SQUID arrays with 64 SQUIDs gives the highest output when the junction characteristics in the arrays have a certain spread. The authors fabricated the IFCs by using the conventional interface-engineered junction process. The process reproducibility was 100 /spl mu/A /spl plusmn/25% for junction I/sub c/, and 3.02 pH /spl plusmn/5% and 2.57 pH /spl plusmn/17% for the sheet inductance of the upper and lower electrodes, respectively. The transimpedance at low frequencies reached 20 and 4 V/A for input levels of 20 and 100 /spl mu/A, respectively. Output voltages as high as 4.4 mV at 4.2 K and 2.3 mV at 40 K were obtained. Furthermore, an output voltage of 600 /spl mu/V was obtained for a 1-Gb/s 2/sup 15/-1 pseudo-random binary signal input at 40 K.