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Optical and Quantum Electronics

Effect of pump fluctuations on second harmonic generation and parametric amplifications

NILOY KUMAR DUTTA

Published May 1, 1979• 14 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00620107

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Quantum fluctuations and squeezing of the signal field generated by a degenerate optical parametric oscillator are sensitive to the phase and amplitude fluctuations of the second-harmonic pump. The analysis reported here extends our previous calculations for a perfectly monochromatic noise-free pump to allow for finite pump amplitude and phase fluctuations. We treat the typically intense pump field with its fluctuations as a classical Gaussian stochastic process in two limits: first, when the pump has amplitude fluctuations but its phase is fixed and second, when its phase diffuses but its amplitude is fixed. Since pump amplitude noise affects the evolution of the signal field multiplicatively, it has a lesser impact on the quantum fluctuations of the signal than pump phase diffusion which compromises such fluctuations via the extreme phase sensitivity of the parametric amplification process. For the latter limit, our calculations extend the work of Gea-Banacloche and Zubairy [Phys. Rev. A 42, 1742 (1990)] to cavities with arbitrary transmission coefficients for the bounding mirrors.
Optical parametric amplification in the range of 1.3–1.8 µm was demonstrated by using a periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguide as a nonlinear medium by varying the detuning of the pump wavelength. A wide range of detuning was enabled by using a multiple-quasi-phase-matched (M-QPM) LiNbO3 waveguide for pump generation through second harmonic generation (SHG) and temperature control of the PPLN waveguide. Broadband optical amplification and wavelength conversion through difference frequency generation (DFG) are considered useful for widening the bandwidth of optical communication.
Hybridized parametric amplification (HPA), a recent method to achieve high-efficiency parametric amplification by suppressing back-conversion with idler second harmonic generation, has been demonstrated so far only by birefringent phase matching. In this work, we demonstrate HPA by quasi-phase matching (QPM) in quasiperiodic-poled lithium niobate. QPM greatly expands the tuning range of HPA, while avoiding the limitations imposed by spatial walkoff of noncollinear beams. Since HPA has two concurrent processes, QPM requires a quasiperiodic grating with longitudinal spatial frequency peaks at both the parametric amplification and idler second harmonic generation phase mismatches. We investigate several grating designs for high-efficiency HPA in the near-infrared range. Quantum efficiencies of 70-80% are possible for devices pumped at 1030 nm, for both femtosecond and picosecond duration regimes. Pulse energies over 1 mJ can be accommodated using a chirped pump. However, devices must be designed carefully around the propagation effects of temporal walk-off and self-phase modulation.