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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Thermal Properties and Fluctuations of Non-Interacting “ M -ons”

Yun Wang, Jian‐Xin Zhu, Z.D. Wang, J. Wang

Published Mar 15, 1997• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate low and high temperature properties of a two-dimensional gas of non-interacting “ M -ons”, in which only an integer number of identical particles can occupy a single-particle state. The fluctuation of statistical distribution is calculated. We also compare our results with those derived from Haldane's theory of exclusion statistics.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/27/2/153

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We investigate low and high temperature properties of a two-dimensional gas of non-interacting “ M -ons”, in which only an integer number of identical particles can occupy a single-particle state. The fluctuation of statistical distribution is calculated. We also compare our results with those derived from Haldane's theory of exclusion statistics.
We derive some physical properties of ideal assemblies of identical particles obeying generalized exclusion statistics. We discuss fluctuations and in this connection point out a fundamental contrast to conventional quantum statistics. We demonstrate a duality relating the distribution of particles at statistics ggg to the distribution of holes at statistics 1g\frac{1}{g}g1​. We suggest an application to Mott insulators.
We derive some physical properties of ideal assemblies of identical particles obeying generalized exclusion statistics. We discuss fluctuations, and in this connection point out a fundamental contrast to conventional quantum statistics. We demonstrate a duality relating the distribution of particles at statistics ggg to the distribution of holes at statistics 1/g1/g1/g. We suggest applications to Mott insulators.
I discuss ideal and interacting quantum gases obeying general fractional exclusion statistics. For systems with constant density of single-particle states, described in the mean field approximation, the entropy depends neither on the microscopic exclusion statistics, nor on the interaction. Such systems are called thermodynamically equivalent and I show that the microscopic reason for this equivalence is a one-to-one correspondence between the excited states of these systems. This provides a method, different from the bosonization technique, of transforming between systems of different exclusion statistics. In the last section the macroscopic aspects of this method are discussed. In appendix A, I calculate the fluctuation of the ground-state population of a condensed Bose gas in a grand-canonical ensemble and mean field approximation, while in appendix B I show a situation where although the system exhibits fractional exclusion properties on microscopic energy intervals, a rigorous calculation of the population of single-particle states reveals a condensation phenomenon. This also implies a malfunction of the usual and simplified calculation technique of the most probable statistical distributions.
A new distribution for systems of particles obeying statistical exclusion of correlated states is presented following the Haldane's state counting. It relies upon a conjecture to deal with the multiple exclusion that takes place when the states available to single particles are spatially correlated and it can be simultaneously excluded by more than one particle. The Haldane's statistics [F. D. M. Haldane, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 937 (1991)] and Wu's distribution [Y.-S. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2103 (1984)] are recovered in the limit of non-correlated states (constant statistical exclusion) of the multiple exclusion statistics. In addition, the exclusion spectrum function G(n)G(n)G(n) is introduced to account for the dependence of the statistical exclusion on the occupation-number nnn. Results of thermodynamics and state occupation are shown for ideal lattice gases of linear particles of size kkk (kkk-mers) where multiple exclusion occurs. Remarkable agreement is found with simulations from k=2k=2k=2 to 101010 where multiple exclusion dominates as kkk increases.
The thermodynamics of two-species gases described by the Haldane exclusion statistics is investigated. I use the high-temperature perturbation to find the third Virial coefficient for the gas in an arbitrary dimension. The perturbative result indicates that the two-dimensional thermodynamic potential becomes the linear function of the element of the Haldane statistics matrix, if the matrix is symmetric and particle mass is species independent. I also present a nonperturbative method to prove this factorizable property and an exact expression of the thermodynamic potential is suggested.
We analytically calculate some thermodynamic quantities of an ideal ggg-on gas obeying generalized exclusion statistics. We show that the specific heat of a ggg-on gas (g≠0g \neq 0g=0) vanishes linearly in any dimension as T→0T \to 0T→0 when the particle number is conserved and exhibits an interesting dual symmetry that relates the particle-statistics at ggg to the hole-statistics at 1/g1/g1/g at low temperatures. We derive the complete solution for the cluster coefficients bl(g)b_l(g)bl​(g) as a function of Haldane's statistical interaction ggg in DDD dimensions. We also find that the cluster coefficients bl(g)b_l(g)bl​(g) and the virial coefficients al(g)a_l(g)al​(g) are exactly mirror symmetric (lll=odd) or antisymmetric (lll=even) about g=1/2g=1/2g=1/2. In two dimensions, we completely determine the closed forms about the cluster and the virial coefficients of the generalized exclusion statistics, which exactly agree with the virial coefficients of an anyon gas of linear energies. We show that the ggg-on gas with zero chemical potential shows thermodynamic properties similar to the photon statistics. We discuss some physical implications of our results.