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Optics Express

Physical optimization of quantum error correction circuits with spatially separated quantum dot spins

Hong‐Fu Wang, Ai‐Dong Zhu, Shou Zhang

Published May 14, 2013• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an efficient protocol for optimizing the physical implementation of three-qubit quantum error correction with spatially separated quantum dot spins via virtual-photon-induced process. In the protocol, each quantum dot is trapped in an individual cavity and each two cavities are connected by an optical fiber. We propose the optimal quantum circuits and describe the physical implementation for correcting both the bit flip and phase flip errors by applying a series of one-bit unitary rotation gates and two-bit quantum iSWAP gates that are produced by the long-range interaction between two distributed quantum dot spins mediated by the vacuum fields of the fiber and cavity. The protocol opens promising perspectives for long distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computation networks.

DOI
10.1364/oe.21.012484

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We propose an efficient protocol for optimizing the physical implementation of three-qubit quantum error correction with spatially separated quantum dot spins via virtual-photon-induced process. In the protocol, each quantum dot is trapped in an individual cavity and each two cavities are connected by an optical fiber. We propose the optimal quantum circuits and describe the physical implementation for correcting both the bit flip and phase flip errors by applying a series of one-bit unitary rotation gates and two-bit quantum iSWAP gates that are produced by the long-range interaction between two distributed quantum dot spins mediated by the vacuum fields of the fiber and cavity. The protocol opens promising perspectives for long distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computation networks.
We present an efficient quantum repeater protocol that uses coupled systems of quantum-dot spins and optical microcavities, in which the spatial entanglement of a photon system can be converted into polarization entanglement of electron spins. The bit-flip and phase-flip errors on the polarization state of each qubit caused by noisy channels can be rejected, without resorting to additional qubits. Two remote parties can obtain the maximally entangled electron-spin state and store it deterministically after the transmission of photons, independent of the noise parameters. The transmission distance of photons will not be limited by the coherence time of memory units in the present protocol, unlike the previous atomic-ensemble-based quantum repeater protocols, and it can be applied directly in long-distance quantum-communication protocols.
Electron spin qubits in silicon quantum dots are an attractive candidate for large-scalable quantum computation. An essential step for quantum information processing based on spin qubits is to realize the spatially separated two-qubit gate and entanglement with high fidelity. Here, we consider two spin qubits coupled to a common superconducting resonator in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We investigate the long-range two-qubit iSWAP gate mediated by virtual microwave photons using a Gaussian smoothing pulse. We show that the entangling gate fidelity can reach [Formula: see text] under realistic experimental conditions and analyze the factors limiting gate fidelity. Moreover, we numerically demonstrate the generation of remote Bell entangled states of spin qubits with high fidelity. In addition, this spin–resonator architecture can be used to implement quantum algorithms using our scheme. These results pave the way for quantum information processing with spin qubits.
We propose a scheme for implementing quantum gates for two atoms trapped in distant cavities connected by an optical fiber. The effective long-distance coupling between the two distributed qubits is achieved without excitation and transportation of photons through the optical fiber. Since the cavity modes and fiber mode are never populated and the atoms undergo no transitions, the gate operation is insensitive to the decoherence effect when the thermal photons in the environment are negligible. The scheme opens promising perspectives for networking quantum information processors and implementing distributed and scalable quantum computation.
We present a fast and effective scheme to implement the multiqubit discrete quantum Fourier transform (DQFT) for distant atoms trapped in separate cavities connected by optical fibers via a virtual-photon-induced process. The effective coupling between two distributed atoms is achieved without exciting and transporting photons through the optical fiber, and the gate operation is robust against the decoherence effect when the thermal photons in the environment are negligible. The implementation of the scheme is appealingly simple because the complex combination of quantum gate operations, which act on each two qubits in the rearranged DQFT circuit, is achieved only in one step through the interaction controlled by optical switches between two adjacent cavities. The scheme opens promising perspectives for scalable quantum communication networks and distributed quantum computation.
Quantum error-correcting codes have been developed to protect a quantum computer from decoherence due to a noisy environment. In this paper, we present two methods for optimizing the physical implementation of such error correction schemes. First, we discuss an optimal quantum circuit implementation of the smallest error-correcting code (the three bit code). Quantum circuits are physically implemented by serial pulses, i.e., by switching on and off external parameters in the Hamiltonian one after another. In contrast to this, we introduce a parallel switching method which allows faster gate operation by switching all external parameters simultaneously, and which has potential applications for arbitrary quantum computer architectures. We apply both serial and parallel switching to electron spins in coupled quantum dots subject to a Heisenberg coupling $H=J(t){\mathbf{S}}_{1}\ensuremath{\cdot}{\mathbf{S}}_{2}.$ We provide a list of steps that can be implemented experimentally and used as a test for the functionality of quantum error correction.
Using linear optical manipulation, single photons, entangled photon pairs, photon measurement, and classical communication, we propose a scheme for a two-spin-qubit phase gate and the teleportation of a controlled-not gate between two electron spins from acting on local qubits to acting on remote qubits using quantum dots in optical microcavities. The scheme is based on spin selective photon reflection from the cavity and is achieved in a deterministic way by the sequential detection of photons and the single-qubit rotations of a single electron spin in a self-assembled GaAs-InAs quantum dot. The feasibility of the scheme is assessed showing that high average fidelities of the gates are achievable in the weak-coupling regime when the side leakage and cavity loss are low. The scheme opens promising possibilities for long-distance quantum communication, distributed quantum computation, and construction of remote quantum-information-processing networks.