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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Performance Study of Two-Hop Amplify-and-Forward Systems With Untrustworthy Relay Nodes

Li Sun, Taiyi Zhang, Yubo Li, Hao Niu

Published Jul 10, 2012• 149 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates the problem of secure communication for amplify-and-forward (AF) systems with untrustworthy relay nodes. To achieve positive secrecy rate, the destination-based jamming (DBJ) technique is applied. We first focus on the single-relay scenario, for which the closed-form expression for the lower bound of the ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) is derived. Afterward, we extend the DBJ method to the multi-relay scenario and propose a secure relay selection scheme that can maximize the achievable secrecy rate. Based on the extreme-value theory, the approximate ESC is characterized. Our work reveals an interesting result that, when the relay nodes are untrustworthy, the system performance worsens as the number of relays increases.

DOI
10.1109/tvt.2012.2207438

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This paper investigates the problem of secure communication for amplify-and-forward (AF) systems with untrustworthy relay nodes. To achieve positive secrecy rate, the destination-based jamming (DBJ) technique is applied. We first focus on the single-relay scenario, for which the closed-form expression for the lower bound of the ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) is derived. Afterward, we extend the DBJ method to the multi-relay scenario and propose a secure relay selection scheme that can maximize the achievable secrecy rate. Based on the extreme-value theory, the approximate ESC is characterized. Our work reveals an interesting result that, when the relay nodes are untrustworthy, the system performance worsens as the number of relays increases.
This paper studies the secrecy performance of an untrusted amplify-and-forward relaying network where both the relaying and the direct links are used to convey the source's information. Since relays act as eavesdroppers, a source-based jamming technique is proposed to keep the source's message secret from these helper nodes. We analyze the secrecy capacity of partial relay selection based on outdated channel state information. The study is conducted analytically by deriving the lower-bound expression for the ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC). We demonstrate through the simulation results the tightness of the derived bound. The use of the direct link is shown to improve the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme. In this case, we found that ESC performance with maximum ratio combining at the destination is better than that with selection combining. The system performance worsens as the correlation coefficient decreases. Furthermore, the maximum of ESC is achieved when relays are in the middle between the source and the destination with equal power allocation between the information and the jamming signals at the source.
Abstract—In this paper, the problem of secure transmission in two-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) systems with an untrusted relay is investigated. To prevent the untrusted relay from intercepting the source message and to achieve positive secrecy rate, the destination-based cooperative jamming (DBCJ) technique is used. In this method the destination sends an intended jamming signal to the relay. This jamming signal helps protecting the source message from being captured reliably at the untrusted relay, while the destination cancels itself intended jamming signal. The optimal power allocation (OPA) technique is considered for the presented system. It is observed that the objective function is a quasiconcave function at high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regimes. Based on this OPA technique, we study the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) and the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the system when the source and relay are equipped with a single antenna while the destination is equipped with largescale antenna arrays (LSA). Using the achieved closed-form expressions, one can evaluate the performance of the secure system easily and fast and also, they provide significant insight for system design. Finally, simulation results indicate the accuracy of the derived expressions.
In this paper, the secrecy outage performance of a three-node amplify-and-forward relay network with an untrustworthy relay is investigated. To enable a secure transmission, we consider a destination-based jamming technique to prevent the relay from successfully decoding the secret messages between the source and the destination. In addition, the relay is assumed to be an energy-constrained device, thus being first energized by the source in order to be able to retransmit the information to the destination. In doing so, a time switching-based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer scheme is used. A closed-form asymptotic expression for the secrecy outage probability is derived in order to obtain a tight approximation at medium-to-high signal-to-noise ratio. The accuracy of the performed analysis is corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations through different illustrative cases. Numerical results show the impact of key system parameters on the secrecy performance, such as the time allocation factor between the energy harvesting and information transmission phases, the power allocation factor between source and destination for cooperative jamming, and the relay position, so as to provide insights on the design criteria for energy efficient and secure networks.
In this paper, we investigate secure two-user AF relaying networks based on a destination assisted cooperative jamming (DACJ). We consider two sources, one destination, one eavesdropper and multiple amplify-and-forwards (AF) relays. In the first time slot, each source broadcasts the information signal to the relays. In order to protect the source message from being eavesdropped, the destination simultaneously transmits a jamming signal to each relay. The selected relay amplifies and forwards the combined signal to the destination and eavesdropper. We introduce reactive relay selection and power allocation to decrease the power consumption. Closed-form expressions for lower bound of ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) are provided. Numerical results are presented to verify the exactness of the proposed mathematical analysis.
In this study, the authors study the problem of secure transmission in two‐hop amplify‐and‐forward systems with an untrusted relay. To prevent the untrusted relay from intercepting the source message and to achieve positive secrecy rate, the destination‐based cooperative jamming technique is used. In this method, the destination sends an intended jamming signal to the relay. This jamming signal helps protecting the source message from being captured reliably at the untrusted relay, while the destination cancels itself intended jamming signal. The optimal power allocation (OPA) strategy is considered for the proposed system. They observe that the objective function is a quasi‐concave function at high signal‐to‐noise‐ratio regimes. Based on this OPA strategy, in the first step, the outage probability of the system is investigated. It is investigated for three cases. In the two cases, either of the source or the destination node is equipped with large‐scale antennas, and in the third case, both of them are equipped with large‐scale antenna arrays. In all the cases, the closed‐form expressions are derived. In the second step, they investigate the ergodic secrecy rate and present the closed‐form solutions for all the mentioned cases. Finally, simulation results indicate the accuracy of the derived equations.
This paper investigates the ergodic achievable secrecy rate (EASR) of multiple-antenna amplify-and-forward relay systems, where one eavesdropper can wiretap the relay. To reveal the capability of the multiple-antenna relay in improving the secrecy performance, we derive new tight closed-form expressions of the EASR for three secure transmission schemes: artificial noise aided precoding (ANP), destination based jamming (DBJ) and eigen-beamforming (EB). We also derive the lower bounds of the EASR for ANP and DBJ with a large antenna array at the relay, and investigate their corresponding asymptotic performance in the high SNR and low SNR regimes to show valuable intrinsic insights as well. Based on the asymptotic analysis, we optimally allocate the power to the information signal and the artificial noise. Both the analysis and simulation results indicate that, in the moderate-to-high SNR regime, ANP achieves considerable performance gain over DBJ and EB, while in the low SNR regime, EB outperforms the other two schemes with equal power allocation. As SNR grows large, the EASR of EB approaches a constant independent of the first hop channel. Moreover, in the high SNR regime, it is optimal to allocate around half of total power to artificial noise for ANP and most of the power to artificial noise for DBJ.