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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Mutually pumped phase conjugators with picosecond pulses

Satoshi Ashihara, Osamu Matoba, Tsutomu Shimura, Kazuo Kuroda, Junichi Kato, Ichiro Yamaguchi

Published Jul 1, 1998• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Mutually pumped phase conjugators with picosecond pulse trains are experimentally demonstrated in rhodium-doped barium titanate. Stable phase-conjugate reflectivities are obtained when the counterpropagating pulses do not meet in the crystal. In contrast, when the pulses do meet in the crystal the reflectivities become unstable and unequal in value in two directions. This behavior is caused by the interference between two counterpropagating pulses. In addition, the reflectivities for the picosecond pulses are found to be half of those for continuous waves. The reasons for the small reflectivities of the pulses are discussed.

DOI
10.1364/josab.15.001971

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Mutually pumped phase conjugators with picosecond pulse trains are experimentally demonstrated in rhodium-doped barium titanate. Stable phase-conjugate reflectivities are obtained when the counterpropagating pulses do not meet in the crystal. In contrast, when the pulses do meet in the crystal the reflectivities become unstable and unequal in value in two directions. This behavior is caused by the interference between two counterpropagating pulses. In addition, the reflectivities for the picosecond pulses are found to be half of those for continuous waves. The reasons for the small reflectivities of the pulses are discussed.
We have performed experimental studies designed to elucidate the parameters which limit the efficiency and fidelity of optical phase conjugate reflection of picosecond laser pulses in transparent Kerr media. The experimental data show that at low pulse energies, the reflectivity follows the expected square dependence on the pulse energies. However, it falls below the square at high energies even though, at these high energies, a phase conjugation efficiency of 300% was observed. We observed a rather strong dependence of the reflectivity on the ratio of pump to probe pulse energy. The quality of phase conjugation decreased at very high pump energies, but could under some conditions be improved by focusing the probe beam into the interaction region. Of the several mechanisms responsible for the decrease in efficiency and fidelity, we find that the predominant ones are pump depletion, small scale self-focusing, and dephasing owing to a difference in energy of the two pump pulses.
We demonstrate a phase-conjugating mirror that has a continuous-wave power reflectivity much greater than unity (gain ~100). This mirror uses nonresonant degenerate four-wave mixing in a single crystal of barium titanate (BaTiO3). With our mirror we have (1) observed cw self-oscillation in an optical resonator formed by this mirror and a normal mirror, (2) demonstrated a cw oscillator that, in spite of phase-distorting material placed inside the resonator, will always emit a TEM00 mode, and (3) demonstrated an optical image amplifier. This mirror will work at any visible wavelength and with weak (milliwatt or weaker) pump beams.
We demonstrate a phase-conjugating mirror that has a continuous-wave power reflectivity much greater than unity (gain ~100). This mirror uses nonresonant degenerate four-wave mixing in a single crystal of barium titanate (BaTiO3). With our mirror we have (1) observed cw self-oscillation in an optical resonator formed by this mirror and a normal mirror, (2) demonstrated a cw oscillator that, in spite of phase-distorting material placed inside the resonator, will always emit a TEM00 mode, and (3) demonstrated an optical image amplifier. This mirror will work at any visible wavelength and with weak (milliwatt or weaker) pump beams.
We present the results of an experimental study of the effects of laser coherence on the operation of the double phase-conjugate mirror using barium titanate as the nonlinear medium. In our experiment the two input beams that drive the interaction originate from a single helium-neon laser, and the degree of coherence between the input beams at the crystal is varied through the use of a time-dependent phase delay in one of the beam paths. As the two input beams make the transition from being mutually incoherent to mutually coherent, the phase-conjugate reflectivity decreases dramatically and becomes unstable. These results are significant to laser phase-locking applications where changes in the coupling intensity can affect the quality of phase locking.