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Physical Review Letters

Polarizable Quantum Systems in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields

S. I. Shevchenko

Published Oct 30, 1995• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is found that a neutral particle acquires a nontrivial quantum phase independent of the particle velocity in crossed electric and magnetic fields. It is proved that the phase is independent of the particle trajectory shape if the fields are homogeneous along a certain direction. The phase induced by the crossed fields is shown to be responsible for dissipation-free flows in superfluid systems, which are similar to the Meissner currents in superconductors.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.75.3312

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It is found that a neutral particle acquires a nontrivial quantum phase independent of the particle velocity in crossed electric and magnetic fields. It is proved that the phase is independent of the particle trajectory shape if the fields are homogeneous along a certain direction. The phase induced by the crossed fields is shown to be responsible for dissipation-free flows in superfluid systems, which are similar to the Meissner currents in superconductors.
We derive the quantum phase accompanying a neutral particle (with no permanent electric dipole moment) moving in an area where a nonuniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field are simultaneously applied. Such a quantum phase can be ascribed to the sum of the Aharonov-Bohm phases of the charges constituting the neutral particle. An experimental configuration much more practical than a previous suggestion is proposed to test for the phase. The possible nonzero superfluid velocity in the ground state of the 4He{}^{4}\mathrm{He}4He condensate is theoretically demonstrated.
Crossed electric and magnetic fields influence dipolar neutral particles in the same way as the magnetic field influences charged particles. The effect of crossed fields is proportional to the dipole moment of the particle (inherent or induced). We show that this effect is quite spectacular in a multilayer system of polar molecules. In this system molecules may bind in chains. At low temperature the gas of chains becomes the superfluid one. The crossed fields then induce vortices in the superfluid gas of chains. The density of vortices is proportional to the number of particles in the chain. The effect can be used for monitoring the formation and destruction of chains in multilayer dipolar gases.
Crossed electric and magnetic fields influence dipolar neutral particles in the same way as the magnetic field influences charged particles. The effect of crossed fields is proportional to the dipole moment of particles (inherent or induced). We show that the effect of crossed fields is quite spectacular in a multilayer system of polar molecules with dipole moments perpendicular to the layers. In this system the dipoles are coupled into chains, with a very large dipole moment of a given chain. The crossed fields may then induce a large number of vortices in the superfluid gas of chains. This effect can be used for monitoring the formation and dissociation of chains in multilayer dipolar structures.
In the article by Shevchenko and A. S. Rukin, Pis'ma v Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 90, 46 (2009), it has been found that quantized vortices in superfluid systems acquire a charge in a magnetic field. A compensating charge with the opposite sign on a surface of the system can be at a macroscopic distance apart from the charge of the vortex. It is shown that as a result the total energy of the vortex charge and the compensating charge can be negative in the presence of an inhomogeneous electric field, normal to a homogeneous magnetic field. The conditions under which this leads to the spontaneous emergence of quantized vortices in the system are found. A possibility to observe the effect in He II, Bose gases of alkali metals and systems with spatially indirect excitons is discussed.