Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Laser Physics

Topological creation of a multiply charged quantized vortex in the Rb Bose-Einstein condensate

M. Kumakura, T. Hirotani, Masayuki Okano, T. Yabuzaki, Yoshiro Takahashi

Published Feb 1, 2006• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quadruply-charged quantized vortex has been created successfully in the 87 Rb Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). The condensate was confined in a cloverleaf magnetic trap, and the vortex was formed by the reversal of the axial magnetic field. The vortex could be observed only in a holding time of about 1 ms, which was much shorter than that reported in the Na BEC, and the vortex position was also unstable in the BEC. To overcome these experimental difficulties, we took the following two measures and improved the vortex formation: (i) axial confinement with a FORT, which prevents the BEC from axial expansion after the field reversal, and (ii) compensation of gravity with a blue-detuned laser beam, which removes the gravitational sag.

DOI
10.1134/s1054660x06020290

Related papers

Topological formation of a multiply charged vortex in the Rb Bose-Einstein condensate: Effectiveness of the gravity compensation

M. Kumakura, T. Hirotani, Masayuki Okano +2 more

In a Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ $(F=2,{m}_{F}=2)$ atoms we have topologically created a quantized vortex with a charge of 4 by reversing the magnetic field of the trap. Experimental conditions of reversal time and initial magnetic field strength for the successful vortex creation were restricted within narrower ranges, compared to those in the case of the $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ condensate. The experimental difficulty was explained in terms of a non-negligible gravitational sag arising from its large atomic mass. We have successfully stabilized the vortex formation by compensating gravity with a blue-detuned laser beam.

Physical Review A•Jun 6, 2006•37 citations

Dynamics of Quadruply Quantized Vortices in 87Rb Bose–Einstein Condensates Confined in Magnetic and Optical Traps

T. Kuwamoto, Hayato Usuda, 賢 東條 +1 more

We studied the dynamics of quadruply quantized vortices in 87 Rb Bose–Einstein condensates. Vortices were created in magnetically trapped condensates with hyperfine spin F = 2 by employing topological phase imprinting technique, wherein the direction of atomic spin is adiabatically reversed by applying a bias magnetic field. Vortices were observed for a holding time of up to 10 ms. Disappearance of the vortices was attributed to considerable expansion and excitation of the condensates, which were caused by the distortion of the magnetic potential. In order to observe the long-term behavior of the vortices, we transferred the condensates to a crossed-type optical dipole force trap after creating the vortices. In this case, the vortices were observed for a holding time of up to 22 ms. We also observed density profiles, which indicated the presence of split vortices.

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•Mar 10, 2010•19 citations

Vortex nucleation in Bose–Einstein condensates confined in a QUIC trap by topological phase imprinting

H Shibayama, Y Yasaku, T. Kuwamoto

We studied the nucleation of quadruple-quantized vortices in Bose–Einstein condensates confined in a quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration (QUIC) magnetic trap by means of the topological phase imprinting method, wherein the initially aligned atomic spins were adiabatically reversed by applying an external bias magnetic field. We calculated the change in the magnetic field distributions of the trap when a homogeneous or a gradient bias field was applied for reversing the spins, and almost the same results were obtained for both cases. We applied the gradient bias field using a single coil because of its simplicity and stability. Vortices were successfully created at the reversal time of atomic spins between 2 and 16 ms. Moreover, the vortices were observed at a holding time of up to 9 ms in the magnetic trap after a constant reversal time of 5 ms.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Mar 29, 2011•14 citations

Deterministic creation, pinning, and manipulation of quantized vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate

E. Carlo Samson, Kali Wilson, Zachary L. Newman +1 more

We experimentally and numerically demonstrate deterministic creation and manipulation of a pair of oppositely charged singly quantized vortices in a highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Two identical blue-detuned, focused Gaussian laser beams that pierce the BEC serve as repulsive obstacles for the superfluid atomic gas; by controlling the positions of the beams within the plane of the BEC, superfluid flow is deterministically established around each beam such that two vortices of opposite circulation are generated by the motion of the beams, with each vortex pinned to the in situ position of a laser beam. We study the vortex creation process, and show that the vortices can be moved about within the BEC by translating the positions of the laser beams. This technique can serve as a building block in future experimental techniques to create, on-demand, deterministic arrangements of few or many vortices within a BEC for precise studies of vortex dynamics and vortex interactions.

arXiv:1508.05110•Physical Review A•Feb 1, 2016•57 citations

Vortex creation during magnetic trap manipulations of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

A. P. Itin, Tōru Morishita, M. Satoh +2 more

We investigate several mechanisms of vortex creation during splitting of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a magnetic double-well trap controlled by a pair of current carrying wires and bias magnetic fields. Our study is motivated by a recent MIT experiment on splitting BECs with a similar trap [Y. Shin et al., Phys. Rev. A 72, 021604 (2005)], where an unexpected fork-like structure appeared in the interference fringes indicating the presence of a singly quantized vortex in one of the interfering condensates. It is well known that in a spin-1 BEC in a quadrupole trap, a doubly quantized vortex is topologically produced by a ``slow'' reversal of bias magnetic field ${B}_{z}$. Since in the experiment a doubly quantized vortex had never been seen, Shin et al. ruled out the topological mechanism and concentrated on the nonadiabatic mechanical mechanism for explanation of the vortex creation. We find, however, that in the magnetic trap considered both mechanisms are possible: singly quantized vortices can be formed in a spin-1 BEC topologically (for example, during the magnetic field switching-off process). We therefore provide a possible alternative explanation for the interference patterns observed in the experiment. We also present a numerical example of creation of singly quantized vortices due to ``fast'' splitting; i.e., by a dynamical (nonadiabatic) mechanism.

arXiv:cond-mat/0603699•Physical Review A•Jun 13, 2006•4 citations

Berry's Phase Induced Bose-Einstein condensation into a Vortex State

Maxim Olshanii, M. Naraschewski

The existence of a geometric phase in magnetic traps can be used to Bose condense a magnetically trapped atomic gas into a vortex state. We propose an experimental setup where a magnetic trap together with a blue detuned laser beam form a multiply connected trap geometry. The local variation of the magnetic quantization axis induces a geometric or Berry's phase that allows the atoms to acquire an effective gauge charge interacting with the analog of a magnetic solenoid. It is shown that the ground state of such a system may be given by a vortex state. We also discuss the influence of atomic interactions on the proposed vortex production scheme in the context of present Bose-Einstein condensation experiments with dilute gases.

arXiv:cond-mat/9811314•Nov 23, 1998•0 citations
A quadruply-charged quantized vortex has been created successfully in the 87 Rb Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). The condensate was confined in a cloverleaf magnetic trap, and the vortex was formed by the reversal of the axial magnetic field. The vortex could be observed only in a holding time of about 1 ms, which was much shorter than that reported in the Na BEC, and the vortex position was also unstable in the BEC. To overcome these experimental difficulties, we took the following two measures and improved the vortex formation: (i) axial confinement with a FORT, which prevents the BEC from axial expansion after the field reversal, and (ii) compensation of gravity with a blue-detuned laser beam, which removes the gravitational sag.
In a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb (F=2,mF=2)(F=2,{m}_{F}=2)(F=2,mF​=2) atoms we have topologically created a quantized vortex with a charge of 4 by reversing the magnetic field of the trap. Experimental conditions of reversal time and initial magnetic field strength for the successful vortex creation were restricted within narrower ranges, compared to those in the case of the 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na condensate. The experimental difficulty was explained in terms of a non-negligible gravitational sag arising from its large atomic mass. We have successfully stabilized the vortex formation by compensating gravity with a blue-detuned laser beam.
We studied the dynamics of quadruply quantized vortices in 87 Rb Bose–Einstein condensates. Vortices were created in magnetically trapped condensates with hyperfine spin F = 2 by employing topological phase imprinting technique, wherein the direction of atomic spin is adiabatically reversed by applying a bias magnetic field. Vortices were observed for a holding time of up to 10 ms. Disappearance of the vortices was attributed to considerable expansion and excitation of the condensates, which were caused by the distortion of the magnetic potential. In order to observe the long-term behavior of the vortices, we transferred the condensates to a crossed-type optical dipole force trap after creating the vortices. In this case, the vortices were observed for a holding time of up to 22 ms. We also observed density profiles, which indicated the presence of split vortices.
We studied the nucleation of quadruple-quantized vortices in Bose–Einstein condensates confined in a quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration (QUIC) magnetic trap by means of the topological phase imprinting method, wherein the initially aligned atomic spins were adiabatically reversed by applying an external bias magnetic field. We calculated the change in the magnetic field distributions of the trap when a homogeneous or a gradient bias field was applied for reversing the spins, and almost the same results were obtained for both cases. We applied the gradient bias field using a single coil because of its simplicity and stability. Vortices were successfully created at the reversal time of atomic spins between 2 and 16 ms. Moreover, the vortices were observed at a holding time of up to 9 ms in the magnetic trap after a constant reversal time of 5 ms.
We experimentally and numerically demonstrate deterministic creation and manipulation of a pair of oppositely charged singly quantized vortices in a highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Two identical blue-detuned, focused Gaussian laser beams that pierce the BEC serve as repulsive obstacles for the superfluid atomic gas; by controlling the positions of the beams within the plane of the BEC, superfluid flow is deterministically established around each beam such that two vortices of opposite circulation are generated by the motion of the beams, with each vortex pinned to the in situ position of a laser beam. We study the vortex creation process, and show that the vortices can be moved about within the BEC by translating the positions of the laser beams. This technique can serve as a building block in future experimental techniques to create, on-demand, deterministic arrangements of few or many vortices within a BEC for precise studies of vortex dynamics and vortex interactions.
We investigate several mechanisms of vortex creation during splitting of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a magnetic double-well trap controlled by a pair of current carrying wires and bias magnetic fields. Our study is motivated by a recent MIT experiment on splitting BECs with a similar trap [Y. Shin et al., Phys. Rev. A 72, 021604 (2005)], where an unexpected fork-like structure appeared in the interference fringes indicating the presence of a singly quantized vortex in one of the interfering condensates. It is well known that in a spin-1 BEC in a quadrupole trap, a doubly quantized vortex is topologically produced by a ``slow'' reversal of bias magnetic field Bz{B}_{z}Bz​. Since in the experiment a doubly quantized vortex had never been seen, Shin et al. ruled out the topological mechanism and concentrated on the nonadiabatic mechanical mechanism for explanation of the vortex creation. We find, however, that in the magnetic trap considered both mechanisms are possible: singly quantized vortices can be formed in a spin-1 BEC topologically (for example, during the magnetic field switching-off process). We therefore provide a possible alternative explanation for the interference patterns observed in the experiment. We also present a numerical example of creation of singly quantized vortices due to ``fast'' splitting; i.e., by a dynamical (nonadiabatic) mechanism.
The existence of a geometric phase in magnetic traps can be used to Bose condense a magnetically trapped atomic gas into a vortex state. We propose an experimental setup where a magnetic trap together with a blue detuned laser beam form a multiply connected trap geometry. The local variation of the magnetic quantization axis induces a geometric or Berry's phase that allows the atoms to acquire an effective gauge charge interacting with the analog of a magnetic solenoid. It is shown that the ground state of such a system may be given by a vortex state. We also discuss the influence of atomic interactions on the proposed vortex production scheme in the context of present Bose-Einstein condensation experiments with dilute gases.