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Journal of Modern Optics

Resonant emission in four-wave mixing for a cycling transitionFg = 1 ↔Fe = 0

Qingqing Sun, Ying Gu, Qihuang Gong

Published Apr 27, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Four-wave mixing (FWM) in a cycling transition Fg =1 ↔ Fe =0 is investigated. Subject to a linearly polarized pump field with frequency ω c and a magnetic field, and simultaneously saturated and probed by the circularly polarized fields (σ ±) with frequencies ω s and ω p , three kinds of FWM fields with frequencies: 2ω s − ω p, ω c+ω s − ω p and ω c − ω s+ω p, emit. The multi-peaked structure of FWM spectra is obtained and explained as the resonant emission between the ‘virtual states’ in the dressed picture. The generated FMW signals have high quantum efficiency for a wide range of drive Rabi frequency and saturation Rabi frequency. Finally, the emitted fields ω c + ω s − ω p and ω c − ω s+ω p have about the same intensity for the well matching among the Zeeman splitting, drive Rabi frequency and saturation Rabi frequency.

DOI
10.1080/09500340600590083

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Four-wave mixing (FWM) in a cycling transition Fg =1 ↔ Fe =0 is investigated. Subject to a linearly polarized pump field with frequency ω c and a magnetic field, and simultaneously saturated and probed by the circularly polarized fields (σ ±) with frequencies ω s and ω p , three kinds of FWM fields with frequencies: 2ω s − ω p, ω c+ω s − ω p and ω c − ω s+ω p, emit. The multi-peaked structure of FWM spectra is obtained and explained as the resonant emission between the ‘virtual states’ in the dressed picture. The generated FMW signals have high quantum efficiency for a wide range of drive Rabi frequency and saturation Rabi frequency. Finally, the emitted fields ω c + ω s − ω p and ω c − ω s+ω p have about the same intensity for the well matching among the Zeeman splitting, drive Rabi frequency and saturation Rabi frequency.
We theoretically investigate the four-wave mixing (FWM) characteristics in a Ξ−V type atomic system. The generated FWM is obtained by utilizing the density matrix formalism and solving the master equation. Interesting discrimination in the number of emerged peaks due to the chosen laser scanning schemes was pointed out. The dressed state picture is employed to elucidate the number of peaks emerged as well as the peak positions in the spectra. The dependence of the generated FWM signal accordingly to the change of parameters, such as Rabi frequencies and frequency detunings of the applied fields, are presented and well explained in the simplified dressed state picture. A prominent increase in FWM intensity is obtained when the Rabi frequencies of the coupling and driving field are approximately equal. The frequency detuning of the applied fields causes the shift in the peak positions, peak shape, and even brings about the FWM intensity enhancement.
The four-wave mixing (4WM) signal is calculated for a three-level quantum system in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration (upper level 2, lower levels 1 and 3) that is driven by three fields. Pump fields EEE and ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ drive the 1-2 and 3-2 transitions, respectively. The probe field is detuned from field EEE by an amount $\ensuremath{\Delta}$. If the detuning of field EEE from the 1-2 transition frequency is equal to that of field ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ from the 3-2 transition frequency (dark state pumping), there is a dark state in the absence of the probe field. Rather surprisingly, even though the probe field destroys the dark state for $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\ne}0$, the 4WM mixing vanishes for all $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ in the limit of dark-state pumping. The 4WM spectra are explained within the context of a semiclassical, dressed-state picture that involves the sequential emission of a probe and signal photon.
Absorption and refraction of the inner transition F2↔F3 of the closed four level N-type atom have been investigated under a weak field. The outer transitions F1↔F3 and F2↔F4 are resonantly interacted with drive field with frequency ωc and Rabi frequency Ωc, and saturation field with ωs and Ωs, respectively. For the suitable Rabi frequencies Ωc and Ωs, we obtain the Mollow absorption spectrum of probe field. The reason is that the drive field excites the atom to the upper level F3 and simultaneously the saturation field takes the atom out of the lower level F2, leading to the stimulated emission. Meanwhile, due to the dynamic energy splitting induced by the drive and saturation fields, the two- and four-peaked absorption spectra are observed. At the zero off-resonance detuning of probe field, we also find the transfer of dispersion from negative to positive with an increment of Ωs. Finally, the refractive index enhancement is predicted for a wide spectral region.
Polarization properties of pure four-wave mixing (FWM) and dressed-FWM processes in a two-level system and a cascade three-level atomic system are theoretically and experimentally investigated. The relative intensities and polarization characteristics of the FWM signals in different laser polarization configurations and different level systems are experimentally investigated and compared. Also, the results are theoretically explained by different transition paths combinations. In the dressed-FWM processes, we study the dependence of dressing effect on the incident field's polarization. The FWM signal generated by a linearly polarized pumping field is suppressed more by the dressing field than the one generated by a circularly polarized pumping field. However, an opposite effect was observed when the probe field's polarization is changed. The multidressing mechanisms are used to explain these effects. In addition, the interference and polarization dependence of the coexisting FWM signals in the same atomic system are discussed.
With saturation and probing by circularly polarized fields, quantum coherence effects are investigated for the cycling transition ${F}_{e}=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}_{g}=1$, which is subject to a linearly polarized field and a magnetic field. The saturation field is applied to the case of maximum coherence between the drive Rabi frequency and magnetic field, corresponding to the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) with negative dispersion found by Gu et al. For a small saturation Rabi frequency, holes are burned in two Autler-Towns peaks outside two symmetric electromagnetically induced transparency windows due to the two-photon resonance. However, when the saturation Rabi frequency is comparable with the drive Rabi frequency, holes caused by the coherent population oscillation appear in the EIA spectrum. Finally, when the saturation Rabi frequency is large enough, several emission peaks are observed due to the Mollow absorption effects. Furthermore, the dispersion at the pump-probe detuning center is kept negative with an increase in saturation field, which is a precursor of superluminal light propagation.