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Physical Review Letters

Magneto-Optic Piston Effect

Sushanta Dattagupta, Rupamanjari Ghosh, Jagmeet Singh

Published Jul 26, 1999• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Light-induced drift of optically active atoms in a buffer gas is a consequence of the unequal diffusive frictions suffered by the excited and the ground-state atoms. This drift can be used to create an ``optical piston,'' which is best observed when the piston action is confined to a one-dimensional motion. We show that a novel way of realizing this phenomenon is to apply a magnetic field on charged active atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.83.710

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H. G. C. Werij, J. P. Woerdman, J.J.M. Beenakker +1 more

We have observed effective separation of Na vapor from a buffer gas using the principle of laser induced drift1. The basic idea is as follows. A travelling laser beam produces velocity-selective saturation of optically absorbing atoms, by means of the Doppler effect. This yields opposing fluxes of excited and unexcited atoms. Both fluxes feel different diffusion resistances in the buffer gas, since the collision cross sections σ* and σ of the absorbing atoms are generally state-dependent. This results in a net flux of the absorbing atoms. It should be noted that this mechanical action of the light field is completely different from (and much stronger than) the well known radiation pressure.2

•Jun 18, 1984•0 citations
Light-induced drift of optically active atoms in a buffer gas is a consequence of the unequal diffusive frictions suffered by the excited and the ground-state atoms. This drift can be used to create an ``optical piston,'' which is best observed when the piston action is confined to a one-dimensional motion. We show that a novel way of realizing this phenomenon is to apply a magnetic field on charged active atoms.
Light-induced drift of optically active atoms in a buffer gas is a consequence of the unequal diffusive frictions suffered by the excited and the ground-state atoms. This drift can be used to create an ``optical piston,'' in which the active atoms are pushed forward by light through the semipermeable membrane of the buffer gas. Normally, optical piston effect is studied when the active atoms are neutral in a confined one-dimensional situation. We present a detailed theory of this phenomenon when the active atoms are charged and a magnetic field is applied for ``tuning'' the direction as well as the magnitude of the drift, thus removing the necessity of confinement. Our study is in different geometries of the light beam and the magnetic field, first in the weak collision model, and then for the strong collision and the Boltzmann-Lorentz models.
Light-induced drift arises when optically excited atoms with a Doppler-selected velocity suffer a diffusive friction that is different from that of ground-state atoms. When the atoms form an optically dense system, this drift can cause a piston effect, which sweeps the atoms in the propagation direction of the field. We derive coupled differential equations for the density of atoms and the light intensity, with an explicit expression for the drift velocity in terms of easily accessible parameters. Solutions of these equations are obtained for the stationary state in a closed cell. The density at the dark end of the cell, considered as the response to the incident-light intensity as its driving force, exhibits a discontinuity resembling a second-order phase transition for an optically dense system. We also obtain solutions with a soliton character, describing a localized density packet moving at uniform speed.
We report an experimental and theoretical study of the optical piston, a consequence of the phenomenon of light-induced drift (LID), observed in binary mixtures of Na vapor and a buffer gas. Good agreement has been found between experiment and existing theory as far as the shape of the Na density profile in the piston is concerned. The piston velocity is anomalously low; this is accounted for by incorporating the effects of adsorption and desorption into the theory. Furthermore, we introduce a rate-equation model for LID which incorporates the fine and hyperfine structure of the level scheme of the Na absorbers; this gives insight into the sublevel velocity distributions and the nonequilibrium part of the total velocity distribution during LID.
We have observed effective separation of Na vapor from a buffer gas using the principle of laser induced drift1. The basic idea is as follows. A travelling laser beam produces velocity-selective saturation of optically absorbing atoms, by means of the Doppler effect. This yields opposing fluxes of excited and unexcited atoms. Both fluxes feel different diffusion resistances in the buffer gas, since the collision cross sections σ* and σ of the absorbing atoms are generally state-dependent. This results in a net flux of the absorbing atoms. It should be noted that this mechanical action of the light field is completely different from (and much stronger than) the well known radiation pressure.2