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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Generation of time-energy entangled photons on a silicon chip

Davide Grassani, Stefano Azzini, Mattéo Galli, Marco Liscidini, Michael John Strain, Marc Sorel, John E. Sipe, Daniele Bajoni

Published Jul 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An integrated source of time-energy entangled photons is demonstrated through resonantly enhanced spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon micro-ring resonator. A Franson type set-up is employed to show the quantum interference between photon pairs with a visibility exceeding 90% and a violation of the Bell's inequality by more than 10 standard deviations. The high spectral brightness and the extremely small footprint of our source make it suitable for the development of quantum information protocols integrated on chip.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2014.6876328

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An integrated source of time-energy entangled photons is demonstrated through resonantly enhanced spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon micro-ring resonator. A Franson type set-up is employed to show the quantum interference between photon pairs with a visibility exceeding 90% and a violation of the Bell's inequality by more than 10 standard deviations. The high spectral brightness and the extremely small footprint of our source make it suitable for the development of quantum information protocols integrated on chip.
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Entanglement is a fundamental resource in quantum information processing. Several studies have explored the integration of sources of entangled states on a silicon chip but the sources demonstrated so far require millimeter lengths and pump powers of the order of hundreds of mWs to produce an appreciable photon flux, hindering their scalability and dense integration. Microring resonators have been shown to be efficient sources of photon pairs, but entangled state emission has never been demonstrated. Here we report the first demonstration of a microring resonator capable of emitting time-energy entangled photons. We use a Franson experiment to show a violation of Bell's inequality by as much as 11 standard deviations. The source is integrated on a silicon chip, operates at sub-mW pump power, emits in the telecom band with a pair generation rate exceeding 107^77 Hz per nmnmnm, and outputs into a photonic waveguide. These are all essential features of an entangled states emitter for a quantum photonic networks.
Advances in quantum photonics have shown that chip-scale quantum devices are translating from the realm of basic research to applied technologies. Recent developments in integrated photonic circuits and single photon detectors indicate that the bottleneck for fidelity in quantum photonic processes will ultimately lie with the photon sources. We present and demonstrate a silicon nanophotonic chip capable of emitting telecommunication band photon pairs that exhibit the highest raw degree of time-energy entanglement from a micro/nanoscale source, to date. Biphotons are generated through cavity-enhanced spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator, wherein the nature of the triply resonant generation process leads to a dramatic Purcell enhancement, resulting in highly efficient pair creation rates as well as extreme suppression of the photon noise background. The combination of the excellent photon source and a new phase locking technique allow for the observation of a nearly perfect coincidence visibility of (96.6 ± 1.1)%, without any background subtraction, at a large pair generation rate of (4.40 ± 0.07) × 10 5 pairs/s.
Entanglement is a fundamental resource in quantum information processing. Several studies have explored the integration of sources of entangled states on a silicon chip, but the devices demonstrated so far require millimeter lengths and pump powers of the order of hundreds of milliwatts to produce an appreciable photon flux, hindering their scalability and dense integration. Microring resonators have been shown to be efficient sources of photon pairs, but entangled state emission has never been proven in these devices. Here we report the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of a microring resonator capable of emitting time-energy entangled photons. We use a Franson experiment to show a violation of Bell’s inequality by more than seven standard deviations with an internal pair generation exceeding 107 Hz. The source is integrated on a silicon chip, operates at milliwatt and submilliwatt pump power, emits in the telecom band, and outputs into a photonic waveguide. These are all essential features of an entangled state emitter for a quantum photonic network.
Time-energy entangled photon pairs are fundamental resources for quantum communication protocols since they are robust against environmental fluctuations in optical fiber networks. Pair sources based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon microring resonators usually employ expensive external tunable lasers to compensate for ambient fluctuations; adopting self-pumped configurations, instead, lifts the need for such external source. Here we demonstrate the emission of time-energy entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelengths from a silicon self-pumped ring, obtaining a Franson interference fringe with 93.9 % ± 0.9 % visibility.