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Journal of Applied Spectroscopy

The effect of pumping tube parameters and discharge conditions on the coherent radiation yield of ruby and CaWO4:Nd3+ crystals

L. N. Bykhovskaya, I. M. Gurevich, Svetlana Viktorovna Kononova, I. S. Neiman, F. A. Charnaya

Published Jul 1, 1967• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00714697

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Abstract The conditions and peculiarities of the photon echo forming in monocrystals of LiAl5O8:Cr3+ and CaWO4: Nd3+ are experimentally investigated. The photon echo phenomenon for LiAl5O8:Cr3+ crystals is firstly discovered. A value for the transversal nonreversible relaxation time T2 of about 37 ns is found from the experimental dependence of the echo intensity on the time between the pulses. The dependence of the photon echo intensity on a stationary magnetic field is also investigated. When observing the photon echo in CaWO4:Nd3+, the resonance conditions are achieved with the help of a dye laser. A theory of the optical coherent response is developed for both the cases of Δt > T and of Δt < T (Δt pulse duration, T time of the transverse reversible relaxation). Satisfactory agreement of the experimental and theoretical results is found.

physica status solidi (b)•Jul 1, 1976•5 citations

Experimental studies of non-radiative relaxation rates in solid state laser materials

M. Anson

Techniques for the measurement of non-radiative decay rates between the optically excited states in solid-state laser materials are described. Two crystals have been investigated, ruby (Cr3+:Al2O3) and Sm2+:CaF2. A review of the spectroscopy of these materials is presented with particular emphasis on aspects relevant to non-radiative decay. An experiment is described using a second harmonic Nd3+ Nd:glass Q-switched laser to pump ruby crystals. Limiting non-radiative relaxation times were derived from the rise of fluorescence. Rubies varying in concentration between 0.05% and 0.4% were studied over a range of temperatures, 77 -> 7000 K. 4T2 -> 2E(E + 2A), 4T2 -> 2T1 (Eb) and 4T2 -> 2T1 (2A + Ea) non-radiative relaxations were all found to be <4ns in good agreement with the experimental results of other workers. Two experiments employing a ruby laser to pump Sm2+ :CaF2 are described. The first used a Q-switched laser and, apart from some improvements was similar to the ruby experiment. An upper limit of 4f5 5d pump -> metastable non-radiative decay of 2ns was found for Sm2+:CaF2, The fluorescence decay constant at 295 K was also measured to be 63ns. The second experiment employed a mode-locked laser and the Sm2+:CaF2 non-radiative decay time was <0.5ns. A new effect - provisionally called 'surface emission' - discovered during the ruby measurements, has been examined in detail and the results of this investigation are presented. A phase-shift technique for the measurement of non-radiative decay times is examined in detail. A pilot experiment using a self-mode-locked He-Ne laser at 633 nm to pump Sm2+:CaF2 is described. The non-radiative relaxation time found by this method was <33ps. Suggestions for improved experiments, both pulsed and phase-shifts, are made and the application of the techniques to other materials is discussed.

•Jan 1, 1971•0 citations
Abstract The conditions and peculiarities of the photon echo forming in monocrystals of LiAl5O8:Cr3+ and CaWO4: Nd3+ are experimentally investigated. The photon echo phenomenon for LiAl5O8:Cr3+ crystals is firstly discovered. A value for the transversal nonreversible relaxation time T2 of about 37 ns is found from the experimental dependence of the echo intensity on the time between the pulses. The dependence of the photon echo intensity on a stationary magnetic field is also investigated. When observing the photon echo in CaWO4:Nd3+, the resonance conditions are achieved with the help of a dye laser. A theory of the optical coherent response is developed for both the cases of Δt > T and of Δt < T (Δt pulse duration, T time of the transverse reversible relaxation). Satisfactory agreement of the experimental and theoretical results is found.
Techniques for the measurement of non-radiative decay rates between the optically excited states in solid-state laser materials are described. Two crystals have been investigated, ruby (Cr3+:Al2O3) and Sm2+:CaF2. A review of the spectroscopy of these materials is presented with particular emphasis on aspects relevant to non-radiative decay. An experiment is described using a second harmonic Nd3+ Nd:glass Q-switched laser to pump ruby crystals. Limiting non-radiative relaxation times were derived from the rise of fluorescence. Rubies varying in concentration between 0.05% and 0.4% were studied over a range of temperatures, 77 -> 7000 K. 4T2 -> 2E(E + 2A), 4T2 -> 2T1 (Eb) and 4T2 -> 2T1 (2A + Ea) non-radiative relaxations were all found to be <4ns in good agreement with the experimental results of other workers. Two experiments employing a ruby laser to pump Sm2+ :CaF2 are described. The first used a Q-switched laser and, apart from some improvements was similar to the ruby experiment. An upper limit of 4f5 5d pump -> metastable non-radiative decay of 2ns was found for Sm2+:CaF2, The fluorescence decay constant at 295 K was also measured to be 63ns. The second experiment employed a mode-locked laser and the Sm2+:CaF2 non-radiative decay time was <0.5ns. A new effect - provisionally called 'surface emission' - discovered during the ruby measurements, has been examined in detail and the results of this investigation are presented. A phase-shift technique for the measurement of non-radiative decay times is examined in detail. A pilot experiment using a self-mode-locked He-Ne laser at 633 nm to pump Sm2+:CaF2 is described. The non-radiative relaxation time found by this method was <33ps. Suggestions for improved experiments, both pulsed and phase-shifts, are made and the application of the techniques to other materials is discussed.