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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Coupling mechanisms for damped vortex motion in superfluids

Horacio M. Cataldo, Marcelo A. Despósito, E. Susana Hernández, Dora M. Jezek

Published Oct 1, 1997• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate different dissipative dynamics for a vortex line immersed into a superfluid where density fluctuations have been excited. For this sake, we consider various linear coupling models where the vortex interacts with the quasiparticles of the normal fluid through its coordinate or momentum. We can unambiguously show that one and only one combination of these variables leads to damped evolution in agreement with the phenomenological descriptions.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.56.8282

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We investigate different dissipative dynamics for a vortex line immersed into a superfluid where density fluctuations have been excited. For this sake, we consider various linear coupling models where the vortex interacts with the quasiparticles of the normal fluid through its coordinate or momentum. We can unambiguously show that one and only one combination of these variables leads to damped evolution in agreement with the phenomenological descriptions.
We derive a fully quantum-mechanical equation of motion for a vortex in a 2-dimensional Bose superfluid in the temperature regime where the normal fluid density ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}(T)$ is small. The coupling between the vortex ``zero mode'' and the quasiparticles has no term linear in the quasiparticle variables---the lowest-order coupling is quadratic. We find that as a function of the dimensionless frequency $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}=\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\Omega}/{k}_{B}T$, the standard Hall-Vinen-Iordanskii equations are valid when $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ (the ``classical regime''), but elsewhere, the equations of motion become highly retarded, with significant experimental implications when $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1$.
Abstract The physical origin of mutual friction in quantum fluids is deeply connected to the fundamental nature of superfluidity. It stems from the interaction between the superfluid and normal components, mediated by the dynamics of quantized vortices that induce the exchange of momentum and energy. Despite the complexity of these interactions, their essential features can be effectively described by the dissipative point vortex model—an extension of classical vortex dynamics that incorporates finite-temperature dissipation. Mutual friction is parametrized by the longitudinal (dissipative) coefficient α\alphaα α and the transverse (reactive) coefficient α′\alpha 'α′ α ′ . Accurate measurement of these parameters provides critical insights into the microscopic mechanisms governing vortex motion and dissipation in quantum fluids, serving as a key benchmark for theoretical models. In this work, we employ the dissipative point vortex model to study how fluctuations in the initial conditions influence the inference of α\alphaα α and α′\alpha 'α′ α ′ from the time evolution of the vortex trajectories. Using experimentally realistic parameters, we show that fluctuations can introduce significant biases in the extracted values of the mutual friction coefficients. We compare our findings with recent experimental measurements in strongly interacting atomic superfluids. Applying this analysis to our recent experimental results allowed us to account for fluctuations in the correct determination of α\alphaα α and α′\alpha 'α′ α ′ .
In Fermi superfluids, such as superfluid (3)He, the viscous normal component can be considered to be stationary with respect to the container. The normal component interacts with the superfluid component via mutual friction, which damps the motion of quantized vortex lines and eventually couples the superfluid component to the container. With decreasing temperature and mutual friction, the internal dynamics of the superfluid component becomes more important compared with the damping and coupling effects from the normal component. As a result profound changes in superfluid dynamics are observed: the temperature-dependent transition from laminar to turbulent vortex motion and the decoupling from the reference frame of the container at even lower temperatures.
We derive an effective action for the vortex-position degree of freedom in a superfluid by integrating out condensate phase- and density-fluctuation environmental modes. When the quantum dynamics of environmental fluctuations is neglected, we confirm the occurrence of the vortex Magnus force and obtain an expression for the vortex mass. We find that this adiabatic approximation is valid only when the superfluid droplet radius RRR, or the typical distance between vortices, is very much larger than the coherence length $\ensuremath{\xi}$. We go beyond the adiabatic approximation numerically, accounting for the quantum dynamics of environmental modes and capturing their dissipative coupling to condensate dynamics. For the case of an optical-lattice superfluid, we demonstrate that vortex motion damping can be adjusted by tuning the ratio between the tunneling energy JJJ and the on-site interaction energy UUU. We comment on the possibility of realizing vortex-Landau-level physics.
Abstract. We propose an alternative approach to the dissipative vortex dynamics occurring in a superfluid vortex lattice at finite temperatures. Focusing upon the pseudomomentum of a vortex and its surrounding quasiparticles, we derive an equation of motion which, in spite of yielding the same evolution as the usual one for massless vortices, does not involve the vortex mass. This picture could provide further insights into the controversy about the nature of the vortex mass. PACS numbers: 47.37.+q, 67.25.dk, 67.25.dmVortex pseudomomentum and dissipation 2 1.