Physical Review Letters

Absorption Enhancement of an Electric Quadrupole Transition of Cesium Atoms in an Evanescent Field

賢東條, Masahiro Hasuo, Takashi Fujimoto

Published Feb 5, 2004• 74 citations

Abstract

We have observed for the first time reflection spectra of an electric quadrupole transition for the cesium atom ($6\text{ }^{2}S_{1/2}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}5\text{ }^{2}D_{5/2}$) line at an angle of incidence from ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}\ensuremath{-}11.9$ to ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}$, where ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$ is the critical angle for total reflection. From a comparison with the calculated absorption in the attenuated total reflection, the oscillator strengths for $s$ and $p$ polarizations were found to increase with an increase in the angle of incidence by a factor up to 1.5 at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+83.8\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}$ and 2.4 at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}$, respectively, in the experiment. The dependences of the observed enhancement on the angle of incidence were in good agreement with the calculated ones for the oscillator strength of the quadrupole transition in the evanescent light.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.053001

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Oscillator-strength enhancement of electric-dipole-forbidden transitions in evanescent light at total reflection

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Physical Review Letters

Absorption Enhancement of an Electric Quadrupole Transition of Cesium Atoms in an Evanescent Field

賢東條, Masahiro Hasuo, Takashi Fujimoto

Published Feb 5, 2004• 74 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We have observed for the first time reflection spectra of an electric quadrupole transition for the cesium atom (

6\text{ }^{2}S_{1/2}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}5\text{ }^{2}D_{5/2}

) line at an angle of incidence from

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}\ensuremath{-}11.9

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}

, where

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}

is the critical angle for total reflection. From a comparison with the calculated absorption in the attenuated total reflection, the oscillator strengths for

s

and

p

polarizations were found to increase with an increase in the angle of incidence by a factor up to 1.5 at

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+83.8\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}

and 2.4 at

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}

, respectively, in the experiment. The dependences of the observed enhancement on the angle of incidence were in good agreement with the calculated ones for the oscillator strength of the quadrupole transition in the evanescent light.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.053001

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Precision measurement of the oscillator strength of the cesium 6S1∕22→5D5∕22 electric quadrupole transition in propagating and evanescent wave fields

賢東條, Takashi Fujimoto, Masahiro Hasuo

Hyperfine-structure-resolved absorption spectra of the $6\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}D_{5∕2}$ of cesium atoms have been observed with a temperature-controlled cell and a diode laser. From a comparison with the absorption of the ${D}_{2}$ transition at the same atom density range, the oscillator strength of the electric quadrupole transition was determined to be $(4.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$. Reflection spectra of the same transition have also been observed in the partial and total reflection regimes with a reflection cell. An increase in the apparent oscillator strength was observed for total reflection with an increase in the angle of incidence, by a factor up to 1.5 at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+83.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$ and 2.4 at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$ for $s$ and $p$ polarizations, respectively, where ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$ is the critical angle. The observed enhancement is ascribed to the incidence-angle-dependent wave vector and polarization vector of the evanescent wave.Hyperfine-structure-resolved absorption spectra of the $6\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}D_{5∕2}$ of cesium atoms have been observed with a temperature-controlled cell and a diode laser. From a comparison with the absorption of the ${D}_{2}$ transition at the same atom density range, the oscillator strength of the electric quadrupole transition was determined to be $(4.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$. Reflection spectra of the same transition have also been observed in the partial and total reflection regimes with a reflection cell. An increase in the apparent oscillator strength was observed for total reflection with an increase in the angle of incidence, by a factor up to 1.5 at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+83.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$ and 2.4 at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$ for $s$ and $p$ polarizations, respectively, where ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$ is the critical angle. The observed enhancement is ascribed to the incidence-angle-dependent wave vector and polarization vector of the evanescent wave.

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A. Lyras, Bo-nian Dai, Xian Tang +5 more

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Physical Review AJan 1, 19888 citations

Quadrupole absorption rate and orbital angular momentum transfer for atoms in optical vortices

Smail B. Bougouffa, M. Babiker

Recent experiments involving the interaction of optical vortices with atoms in quadrupole transitions have shown it to be accompanied by the exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between the electronic states of the atom and the optical vortex field. Earlier work, both theoretical and experimental, had ruled out the transfer of a vortex OAM to the electronic degrees of freedom in an electric dipole atomic transition and it has been confirmed that the lowest multipolar order involving an OAM transfer to the electronic motion is indeed the electric quadrupole. Hitherto, the quadrupole transition involving optical vortices has not been quantified and we thus set out to evaluate the absorption rate accompanied by an OAM transfer with reference to the $6^{2}S_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5^{2}D_{5/2}$ in Cs when cesium atoms are subject to the field of a linearly polarized optical vortex. Our results assuming typical experimentally accessible parameters indicate that the absorption rate for moderate light intensities is lower than the quadrupole spontaneous emission rate but should still be within the measurement capabilities of modern spectroscopic techniques.Recent experiments involving the interaction of optical vortices with atoms in quadrupole transitions have shown it to be accompanied by the exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between the electronic states of the atom and the optical vortex field. Earlier work, both theoretical and experimental, had ruled out the transfer of a vortex OAM to the electronic degrees of freedom in an electric dipole atomic transition and it has been confirmed that the lowest multipolar order involving an OAM transfer to the electronic motion is indeed the electric quadrupole. Hitherto, the quadrupole transition involving optical vortices has not been quantified and we thus set out to evaluate the absorption rate accompanied by an OAM transfer with reference to the $6^{2}S_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5^{2}D_{5/2}$ in Cs when cesium atoms are subject to the field of a linearly polarized optical vortex. Our results assuming typical experimentally accessible parameters indicate that the absorption rate for moderate light intensities is lower than the quadrupole spontaneous emission rate but should still be within the measurement capabilities of modern spectroscopic techniques.

arXiv:2007.04021Physical Review ADec 8, 202013 citations

Electric-field modification of two-photon, two-color, quadrupole-dipole depolarization spectra in atomic Cs

B. V. Dobrydnev, Mark D. Havey

An earlier study of the 6s ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow}11p ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ two-photon, dipole-quadrupole transition in Cs is extended by including the effect of an external static electric field. The dependence of the absorption spectrum on the relative polarizations of the two light sources is found to be greatly modified by a moderately sized electric field, the predominant effect being mixing of the resonant 6p ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}$ levels into the ground 6s ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$ level. Compact theoretical expressions, parametrized in terms of the electric-field strength and the relative transition matrix elements through the 5d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}$ multiplet levels, are given. Results are presented for the electric-field dependence of a linear depolarization ratio, which is very sensitive to these quantities. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.An earlier study of the 6s${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}11p${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ two-photon, dipole-quadrupole transition in Cs is extended by including the effect of an external static electric field. The dependence of the absorption spectrum on the relative polarizations of the two light sources is found to be greatly modified by a moderately sized electric field, the predominant effect being mixing of the resonant 6p${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}$ levels into the ground 6s${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$ level. Compact theoretical expressions, parametrized in terms of the electric-field strength and the relative transition matrix elements through the 5d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}$ multiplet levels, are given. Results are presented for the electric-field dependence of a linear depolarization ratio, which is very sensitive to these quantities. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review ANov 1, 19962 citations

Precision measurement of the oscillator strength of the cesium-6 S-2(1/2)-> 5 D-2(5/2) electric quadrupole transition in propagating and evanescent wave fields

S Tojo, Fujimoto, T, Masahiro Hasuo

Jan 1, 20050 citations

We have observed for the first time reflection spectra of an electric quadrupole transition for the cesium atom (

6\text{ }^{2}S_{1/2}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}5\text{ }^{2}D_{5/2}

) line at an angle of incidence from

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}\ensuremath{-}11.9

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}

, where

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}

is the critical angle for total reflection. From a comparison with the calculated absorption in the attenuated total reflection, the oscillator strengths for

s

and

p

polarizations were found to increase with an increase in the angle of incidence by a factor up to 1.5 at

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+83.8\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}

and 2.4 at

{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}

{D}_{2}

transition at the same atom density range, the oscillator strength of the electric quadrupole transition was determined to be $(4.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$. Reflection spectra of the same transition have also been observed in the partial and total reflection regimes with a reflection cell. An increase in the apparent oscillator strength was observed for total reflection with an increase in the angle of incidence, by a factor up to 1.5 at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+83.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$ and 2.4 at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}+107.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$ for

s

and

p

polarizations, respectively, where ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$ is the critical angle. The observed enhancement is ascribed to the incidence-angle-dependent wave vector and polarization vector of the evanescent wave.

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{D}_{3/2}

and 6d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{D}_{5/2}

electric quadrupole transitions and for one-photon resonant, three-photon ionization via the 5d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}

and 5d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{D}_{5/2}

transitions. The ratios of the total ionization rates for linearly and circularly polarized light have also been measured for the 6d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}

and 6d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{D}_{5/2}

states. A theoretical analysis and detailed comparison with the experimental results are given.

An earlier study of the 6s

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}11p

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}

two-photon, dipole-quadrupole transition in Cs is extended by including the effect of an external static electric field. The dependence of the absorption spectrum on the relative polarizations of the two light sources is found to be greatly modified by a moderately sized electric field, the predominant effect being mixing of the resonant 6p

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}

levels into the ground 6s

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}

level. Compact theoretical expressions, parametrized in terms of the electric-field strength and the relative transition matrix elements through the 5d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}

multiplet levels, are given. Results are presented for the electric-field dependence of a linear depolarization ratio, which is very sensitive to these quantities. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.