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Chinese Physics Letters

Multiparty Quantum Chatting Scheme

Sun Ying, Wen Qiao-yan, Fu-Chen Zhu

Published Mar 1, 2008• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a new multiparty simultaneous quantum direct communication scheme based on Green–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states and dense coding. For achieving high efficiency without leaking any information, four encoding schemes are prepared in advance. The present scheme has the capacity of transmitting (M + 1)M classical bits per group of M-particle GHZ states when there exist M parties. The technique of rearranging particles makes the legal users coequally exchange their messages in the same length. Both high efficiency and excellent security against the common attacks are virtues of this new scheme.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/25/3/007

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We propose a new multiparty simultaneous quantum direct communication scheme based on Green–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states and dense coding. For achieving high efficiency without leaking any information, four encoding schemes are prepared in advance. The present scheme has the capacity of transmitting (M + 1)M classical bits per group of M-particle GHZ states when there exist M parties. The technique of rearranging particles makes the legal users coequally exchange their messages in the same length. Both high efficiency and excellent security against the common attacks are virtues of this new scheme.
An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations I , σ z , σ x and i σ y to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total efficiency both approach the maximal values.
To enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection in the quantum secure direct communication protocol, an improved quantum secure direct communication protocol based on a four-particle Green-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is presented. In the protocol, the four-particle GHZ state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and quantum dense coding is used to encode the message. In the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information that the eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference that has been introduced. If the eavesdropper wants to obtain all the information, the detection rate of the quantum secure direct communication using an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair block will be 50% and the detection rate of the presented protocol will be 87%. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol proposed is more secure than the others
We analyse the capacity of a simultaneous quantum secure direct communication scheme between the central party and other M parties via M +1-particle GHZ states and swapping quantum entanglement. It is shown that the encoding scheme should be secret if other M parties wants to transmit M +1 bit classical messages to the centre party secretly. However, when the encoding scheme is announced publicly, we prove that the capacity of the scheme in transmitting the secret messages is 2 bits, no matter how large M is.
Abstract In this paper, two new efficient multiparty quantum direct secret sharing schemes are proposed via a six-particle GHZ state and Bell measurements. In the first scheme, based on the theory of security cryptanalysis, the secret message of the sender is directly encoded into the transmitted particles, and all the agents can obtain their information by performing bell measurement on the received particles, and then cooperate to recover the information of the sender. In the second scheme, we define a new secret shared coding method by performing local unitary operations on the transmitted particles, then agents perform Bell measurements on their own particles respectively, and feedback the measurement to the dealer. If the agent’s results are matched with the previous coding method, the protocol will work out. In addition, the proposed two schemes have the following common advantages: the sender can send all prepared particles to the receiver, and can send an arbitrary key to the receiver, rather than a random secret key; the proposed schemes do not need to insert any detection sets to detect eavesdropping and can resist both existing attacks and spoofing attacks by dishonest agents. The sender need not to retain any photons, so the sender’s quantum memory could be omitted here.
In order to get rid of the drawback of information leakage which existed in Chong et al.’s protocol (Opt. Commun., 284, 2011, 515-518), an efficient three-party quantum secure direct communication (3P-QSDC) based on some ideas of quantum dense coding with EPR pairs is proposed, in which each entangled pair can be used to exchange a longer length of secret message between three legal users. By improving the classical channels and the qubit transmissions, our scheme can avoid this kind of drawback. Thus the secret messages are not leaked out to other people from the public information. Moreover, compared with Chong et al.’s protocol, our protocol can achieve higher efficiency.