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Physica C Superconductivity

Terahertz electromagnetic-wave detector using Nb-based superconducting tunnel junction on LiNbO3 substrate absorber

Toru Taino, Hiroyuki Ishii, Shota Yoshimura, Chiko Otani, Seiichiro Ariyoshi, Hiroaki Myoren, Kodo Kawase, Takayuki Shibuya, Hidetoshi Sato, Hirohiko M. Shimizu, S. Takada

Published Jun 7, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physc.2007.03.500

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We are developing a broadband THz detectors using Nb-based superconducting tunnel junctions. We found two components in a current signal for 1-2 THz pulse input. From the comparison of results obtained for the signals, the frequency response for the different size of STJs and the STJs fabricated on different substrate materials, we demonstrate that they correspond to photons absorbed with the superconductor electrode (referred as 'direct' component) and phonons generated by photons absorbed with the substrate (refered as 'phonon-mediated' component).
We demonstrate a new type of terahertz detector with superconducting tunnel junctions. The detector has two long junctions integrated on both wings of a log-periodic antenna. In this type of detector, the long junction is a lossy transmission line working based on the Cooper-pair breaking, as well as a standing-wave resonance line working based on the photon-assisted tunneling. A prototype detector using Nb/Al/AlOx/Al/Nb junctions was fabricated, and the principle of the detector was verified. The prototype shows a gradual increase in sensitivity starting from 0.35 THz. We have also identified a resonance signal at 0.25 THz below the effective gap frequency.
The terahertz band, a unique segment of the electromagnetic spectrum, is crucial for observing the cold, dark universe and plays a pivotal role in cutting-edge scientific research, including the study of cosmic environments that support life and imaging black holes. High-sensitivity superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) mixers are essential detectors for terahertz astronomical telescopes and interferometric arrays. Compared to the commonly used classical Nb/AlO x /Nb superconducting tunnel junction, the Nb/AlN/NbN hybrid superconducting tunnel junction has a higher energy gap voltage and can achieve a higher critical current density. This makes it particularly promising for the development of ultra-wideband, high-sensitivity coherent detectors or mixers in various scientific research fields. In this paper, we present a superconducting SIS mixer based on Nb/AlN/NbN parallel-connected twin junctions (PCTJ), which has a bandwidth extending up to 490 GHz–720 GHz. The best achieved double-sideband (DSB) noise temperature (sensitivity) is below three times the quantum noise level.