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Applied Physics Letters

Optical bistability and hysteresis with a photorefractive self-pumped phase conjugate mirror

Sze-Keung Kwong, Mark Cronin‐Golomb, Amnon Yariv

Published Nov 15, 1984• 58 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Bistability and hysteresis have been observed in a photorefractive passive phase conjugate mirror. A threshold basis for the effect is presented and the results of an experimental demonstration of the device are given.
DOI
10.1063/1.95046

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We report our observations of optical bistabilities and hysteresis1 in photorefractive passive phase conjugate resonators with BaTiO3, caused by grating erasure effects between two resonators in three different configurations. Bistable oscillations have been observed between two semilinear oscillators, two ring resonators, and also between a ring and a semilinear resonator. In the experimental arrangement used for bistability studies, a single-mode argon ion laser beam (4880 Å) entered the crystal in a face appropriate for self-pumped phase conjugation. However, the orientation is kept in such a way that no self-pumped phase conjugation is observable if none of the resonators is in operation. In this geometry, bistability and hysteresis were observed in the signal intensity of one resonator as the reflectivity of the variable beam reflector in the second resonator was increased and then decreased in a cycle. Bistability was also seen in the signal intensity of a single resonator as a function of the reflectivity of the external mirror.
Optical bistability and hysteresis in BaTiO3 have been observed in a self-pumped ring resonator (SPRR). The SPRR can be controlled with an additional He–Ne laser erasing beam that makes an angle with the ring pump beam. The erasing beam could be coherent or incoherent with the pump beam. By injecting the erasing beam into the crystal in such a way as to partially erase the index grating and/or take energy from the pump beam, the coupling strength is modified. In either case, the output of the ring shows bistability and hystersis in the complete cycle of the on-off-on operation by monitoring the intensity of the erasing beam. The intensity change and the time interval between each change step of the erasing beam have effects on the hysteresis behavior. The hysteresis observed when it is controlled by a coherent erasing beam is more than the one by an incoherent erasing beam. Some fluctuations exist in the hysteresis loop when the coherent erasing beam is used.