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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Polarization structure of the speckle-field in spontaneous cooperative emission

Yuri A. Avetisyan

Published May 31, 2001• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The simulation of spontaneous cooperative emission (Dicke superradiance) of initially inverted two-level active centers with the randomly oriented transition dipole moments was performed. The self-organization of the diffraction and polarization structure of radiation (inside the total solid angle) for the thin-sheet sample emission is presented.

DOI
10.1117/12.427764

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The simulation of spontaneous cooperative emission (Dicke superradiance) of initially inverted two-level active centers with the randomly oriented transition dipole moments was performed. The self-organization of the diffraction and polarization structure of radiation (inside the total solid angle) for the thin-sheet sample emission is presented.
An analysis is made of the deexcitation kinetics of strongly excited extended systems of initially uncorrelated two-level radiators. The possibility of partially cooperative states of the system is predicted when the radiation intensity acquires values intermediate between the spontaneous decay intensity and the Dicke superradiance intensity. The conditions for the onset of cooperative processes are obtained. The threshold for the oscillatory emission conditions is determined and the oscillation frequency is found. Modulation of the emission intensity is predicted with different modulation frequencies before and after the superradiant pulse. The modulation frequencies are determined. Formulas are derived for the superradiant pulse delay times and intensities. The possibility of weakly anisotropic cooperative emission is predicted.
The process of cooperative spontaneous emission in a system of two-level emitters interacting via electromagnetic field is analyzed using the Bogolyubov reduced description method, which provides the possibility of studying the state of the generated field. Field macrostates are described with electric and magnetic field amplitudes and binary correlation functions of their components. Since the previously obtained set of differential equations describing the Dicke system evolution with considering field correlations is very cumbersome, we must find some way of simplifying the model to make it accessible for numerical modeling. The general picture of correlation development can be elucidated with using one- and two-dimensional models. The paper presents the set of evolution equations for Dicke system with fixed orientation of dipole moments of emitters forming a two-dimensional structure. The material equations and equilibrium correlations are discussed. The transition to the Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equations is proposed.
We calculate the far-field intensity pattern of superradiant emission from an optically thin ensemble of atomic oscillators excited by a spatially nonuniform laser pulse of large Rabi area. As the excitation intensity is increased, the superradiant field develops ring structure and expands due to self-diffraction. This effect is made manifest by a two-pulse photon echo experiment where the second pulse is spatially much broader than the first and has a small Rabi area. As a function of the intensity of the first excitation pulse, we measure the on-axis and off-axis echo intensity and find, in agreement with our calculations, that the two behave differently. We also show that for a random, sufficiently smooth excitation profile, the total power of cooperative emission is proportional to the integral, over the excited volume, of the induced dipole moment squared.
The cooperative spontaneous emission by a fully inverted array of N atoms, interacting with and via the radiation field is studied. The arrays to which this treatment is applicable are symmetric under the exchange of any pair of atoms, including the dipole-dipole interaction in the energy and are confined to a volume with linear dimensions that are small relative to the radiation wavelength. Analytic expressions are obtained for the populations of the levels and the intensity of emission as functions of time, and for the spectrum of the radiation emitted in the cascade to the ground state.
Superradiance is an extensive cooperative spontaneous emission phenomenon, exhibited by some atomic collective-spin states. However, distinct initial states differ in their decay dynamics. Dicke states ∣j,m⟩|j,m\rangle∣j,m⟩ with distinct numbers of excitations n=m+jn=m+jn=m+j, driven by vacuum fluctuations, have their peak emission intensity shifted in time. Rotating Dicke states relative to the decay axis introduces an interesting parity structure that affects the pulse profile and photon correlations. Squeezed-bath prepared states undergo a squeezing-controlled crossover to the rotated Dicke states, making the emission character dependent on the amount of squeezing transferred from light to the atomic state. For semiclassical states with a macroscopic dipole moment, like the atomic coherent state, the emission intensity depends on their polarization. We present detailed results on the superradiant dynamics of a representative selection of states expanded in Dicke states to highlight the initial state as an independent dynamical control parameter. For large-NNN, we are able to predict fairly accurately the pulse profile in each case using the mean-field approximation, an approach based on the Fokker--Planck equation. We also present comparative results on the intensity correlation function, quantify the coherent and incoherent contributions of the emission, and contrast between small and large ensembles.
The simulation of superfluorescence of a thin layer of two-level atoms was performed on the basis of semiclassical approach without using approximation of slowly varying in space amplitudes of electric field and medium polarization (paraxial approximation). The evolution of atomic characteristics and the structure of the radiation directivity pattern inside the total solid angle have been investigated. The comparison of the results obtained with the results based on the paraxial approximation has been done.