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Optics Letters

Photon statistics of amplified spontaneous emission in a dense wavelength-division multiplexing regime

Silvia Maria Pietralunga, Paolo Martelli, Mario Martinelli

Published Feb 1, 2003• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The photon statistics of amplified spontaneous emission in the few-modes regime and in single mode, conditions that are typical of dense wavelength-division multiplexing transmission, have been experimentally proved by direct detection. The dependence of the degeneracy factor for the Bose-Einstein distribution on the degree of second-order coherence of light is stated. The theoretical dependence of the number of amplified spontaneous emission modes on the ratio between the optical channel and the detector bandwidths has also been confirmed by experiments, thus quantifying the loss of validity of asymptotic approximations when they are extended to the few-modes regime.

DOI
10.1364/ol.28.000152

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We analyze the statistics of photons originating from amplified spontaneous emission generated by a quantum dot superluminescent diode.Experimentally detectable emission properties are taken into account by parametrizing the corresponding quantum state as a multimode phase-randomized Gaussian density operator.The validity of this model is proven in two subsequent experiments using fast two-photon-absorption detection observing second-order equal-time and second-order fully time-resolved intensity correlations on femtosecond timescales.In the first experiment, we study the photon statistics when the number of contributing longitudinal modes is systematically reduced by applying well-controlled optical feedback.In a second experiment, we add coherent light from a single-mode laser diode to quantum dot superluminescent diode broadband radiation.Tuning the power ratio, we realize tailored second-order correlations ranging from Gaussian to Poissonian statistics.Both experiments are very well matched by theory, thus giving first insights into the quantum properties of radiation from quantum dot superluminescent diodes.
We study the photon statistics of pulse-pumped four-wave mixing in fibers with weak coherent signal injection by measuring the intensity correlation functions of individual signal and idler fields. The experimental results show that the intensity correlation function of individual signal (idler) field decreases with the intensity of signal injection. After applying narrow band filter in signal (idler) band, the value of decreases from 1.9 ± 0.02 (1.9 ± 0.02) to 1.03 ± 0.02 (1.05 ± 0.02) when the intensity of signal injection varies from 0 to 120 photons/pulse. The results indicate that the photon statistics changes from Bose–Einstein distribution to Poisson distribution. We calculate the intensity correlation functions by using the multi-mode theory of four-wave mixing in fibers. The theoretical curves well fit the experimental results. Our investigation will be useful for mitigating the crosstalk between quantum and classical channels in a dense wavelength division multiplexing network.
We study the photon statistics of pulse-pumped four-wave mixing in fibers with weak coherent signal injection by measuring the intensity correlation functions of individual signal and idler fields. The experimental results show that the intensity correlation function of individual signal（idler） field gs（i）2 decreases with the intensity of signal injection. After applying narrow band filter in signal（idler） band, the value of gs（i）2 decreases from 1.9 ± 0.02（1.9 ± 0.02） to 1.03 ± 0.02（1.05 ± 0.02） when the intensity of signal injection varies from 0 to 120 photons/pulse. The results indicate that the photon statistics changes from Bose–Einstein distribution to Poisson distribution. We calculate the intensity correlation functions by using the multi-mode theory of four-wave mixing in fibers. The theoretical curves well fit the experimental results.Our investigation will be useful for mitigating the crosstalk between quantum and classical channels in a dense wavelength division multiplexing network.
The recently developed method of optical homodyne tomography (OHT) allows one to obtain the photon statistics of a single mode with single-photon resolution. Recently, we used OHT to prove the Bose Einstein distribution (BED) character of parametric fluorescence. In general, in an OHT setup, a weak signal beam is mixed on a 50/50 beamsplitter with a strong local oscillator beam of the same polarization and spatio-temporal mode. In this paper, we apply OHT to show, we believe for the first time, that ASE noise of a single mode in an EDFA is Bose-Einstein distributed.