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IEICE Transactions on Communications

Bilayer Lengthened QC-LDPC Codes Design for Relay Channel

Hua Xu

Published Jan 1, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The relay channel is the common approach to cooperative communication. Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) code design for the relay channel is important to cooperative communication. This paper proposes a bilayer QC-LDPC code design scheme for the relay channel. Combined with the bilayer graphical code structure, an improved Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) method, the Biff-CRT method is presented. For the proposed method we introduce a finite field approach. The good performance of the finite field based QC-LDPC code can improve the performance of its corresponding objective QC-LDPC code in the proposed scheme. We construct the FF code and the FA code by the Biff-CRT method. The FF code and the FA code are both named as their two component codes. For the FF code, the two component code are both finite field based QC-LDPC codes. For the FA code, one of the component codes is the finite field based QC-LDPC code and the other is the array code. For the existing CRT method, the shortened array code and the array code are usually used as the component codes to construct the SA code. The exponent matrices of FF code, FA code and SA code are given both for the overall graph and the lower graph. Bit error rate (BER) simulation results indicate that the proposed FF code and FA code are superior to the SA code both at the relay node and the destination node. In addition, the theoretical limit and the BER of the bilayer irregular LDPC code are also given to compare with the BER of the proposed QC-LDPC codes. Moreover, the proposed Biff-CRT method is flexible, easy to implement and effective for constructing the QC-LDPC codes for the relay channel, and it is attractive for being used in the future cooperative communication systems.

DOI
10.1587/transcom.e97.b.1365

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The relay channel is the common approach to cooperative communication. Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) code design for the relay channel is important to cooperative communication. This paper proposes a bilayer QC-LDPC code design scheme for the relay channel. Combined with the bilayer graphical code structure, an improved Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) method, the Biff-CRT method is presented. For the proposed method we introduce a finite field approach. The good performance of the finite field based QC-LDPC code can improve the performance of its corresponding objective QC-LDPC code in the proposed scheme. We construct the FF code and the FA code by the Biff-CRT method. The FF code and the FA code are both named as their two component codes. For the FF code, the two component code are both finite field based QC-LDPC codes. For the FA code, one of the component codes is the finite field based QC-LDPC code and the other is the array code. For the existing CRT method, the shortened array code and the array code are usually used as the component codes to construct the SA code. The exponent matrices of FF code, FA code and SA code are given both for the overall graph and the lower graph. Bit error rate (BER) simulation results indicate that the proposed FF code and FA code are superior to the SA code both at the relay node and the destination node. In addition, the theoretical limit and the BER of the bilayer irregular LDPC code are also given to compare with the BER of the proposed QC-LDPC codes. Moreover, the proposed Biff-CRT method is flexible, easy to implement and effective for constructing the QC-LDPC codes for the relay channel, and it is attractive for being used in the future cooperative communication systems.
An improved combining method for designing quasi- cyclic low- density parity- check( QC-LDPC) codes based on Chinese Remainder Theorem( CRT) is proposed to improve the error- correcting performance by increasing the girth and decreasing the number of short cycles. With the CRT combining method,the difficult problem of designing QC- LDPC codes with girth g is translated into a task of designing one component code with girth g. By properly permuting the column blocks of parity- check matrices of other component codes,a lot of QC- LDPC codes with much shorter cycles and better performance can be designed,which are more suitable for communication systems with request of high reliability. Simulations show that compared with existing CRT- based QC- LDPC codes,the proposed QC- LDPC codes have much shorter cycles and obtain 1. 2 d B coding gain at bit error rate( BER) of 10- 6.
A novel optimization algorithm to design a bilayer lengthened QC-LDPC code for relay channel is proposed in this paper, which combine differential evolution algorithm and bilayer graph for LDPC codes. We aim to construct QC-LDPC codes with best girth(maximum girth and minimum numbers of shortest cycles)both at relay node and destination node. Proposed algorithm is composed of two steps, first the exponent matrix of QC-LDPC code for lower graph is searched by differential evolution algorithm, then the exponent matrix of QC-LDPC code for overall graph is also found by differential evolution algorithm based on the obtained exponent matrix for lower graph. Simulation results verify the validity of proposed algorithm. Constructed QC-LDPC codes may perform well both at relay node and destination node.
This paper presents Dayan sequence to construct QC-LDPC codes through the combination of mathematical theory. The paper introduces the procedure of the coding principle and coding. Dayan sequence constructed QC-LDPC codes is compared with rate compatible QC-LDPC, Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER)performance of Dayan sequence constructed QC-LDPC is improved by 0.5dB. Then QC-LDPC codes constructed by the Dayan sequence are used in coded cooperative communication. Compared it with PEG algorithm, array code and Mackey code,the results show that the performance of Dayan sequence is superior. That is to say that Dayan sequence code constructed QC-LDPC is effective in coded cooperative communication.
In this letter, we consider two problems associated with quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes. The first is how to extend the code length of a QC-LDPC code without reducing the girth. The second is how to design a QCLDPC code with a prescribed girth easily. We deal with these two problems by using a combining method of QC-LDPC codes via the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). Codes constructed with our proposed method have flexible code lengths, flexible code rates and large girth. Simulation results show that they perform very well with the iterative decoding.
There is an important breakthrough in the field of forward error correction techniques, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. These codes have potential to approach the Shannon limit with reliable performance on a given channel, known as the channel capacity. Recently, researchers pay much more attention towards LDPC codes because its performance is better than Turbo codes. However, the LDPC code is the best when it is an irregular code and uses with a very large block-length. Although, the short block-length LDPC codes perform not so well, they are easy to implement in various practical applications. Therefore, there is still a demand of new development on the encoding side of LDPC codes for various ranges of code rate and code length so as to capable of using in many applications.This thesis proposes the development of quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes for column weight 3. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a new construction algorithm of QC-LDPC codes for medium to large block-length by combining QC-LDPC codes of small block-length as their component codes, via Chinese remainder theorem (CRT). Such component codes were constructed by permuting each column block sequentially to attain the desire local girth. After combining all component codes to generate an expanded parity-check matrix, the resulting girth is greater than or at least equal to the maximum girth of the component codes. Simulation results show that our proposed construction method of the parity-check matrix significantly outperforms the other well-known existing methods in terms of low error-floor, simple structure, high performance, and can reduce encoding complexity.In addition, this thesis also proposes two new construction methods for QC-LDPC codes, namely a base matrix method and a subtraction based method. A base matrix based method is a simple, less computational complexity method for constructing the exponent matrix (3, K) of girth 8, 10 and 12 of QC-LDPC codes. Another method is a subtraction method, which has a similar exponent matrix as a base matrix method and has a girth at least 8. Results indicate that the LDPC codes constructed from these two methods have flexibility for arbitrary block-column length K and have a similar BER performance if compared to existing methods.
Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes require less hardware resources due to the quasi-cyclic structure of parity-check matrices.In this paper, two improved methods for constructing QC-LDPC codes are proposed.Firstly, in order to make sure the masked LDPC codes have flexible code rate and code length, an improved construction of masking matrix is presented.The proposed regular masking matrix of QC-LDPC codes have the girth at least 6.Then, the irregular codes are constructed by using improved finite field approach and PEG algorithm, which result in large girth and less short cycles.Simulations demonstrate that the proposed QC-LDPC codes have both lower error floor and good waterfall performance.