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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Phase-slip memory effects in dissipation-free superflow

Keith Schwab, J. Steinhauer, R. E. Packard

Published Apr 1, 1997• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Critical superflow, preceding a free ringing superfluid oscillation, induces a remnant stochastic uncertainty in the oscillation amplitude. We demonstrate that the distribution function for the oscillation's velocity amplitude reflects both the quantized size of the underlying phase-slip dissipation events, as well as the stochastic nature of the processes which nucleate the slips

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.55.8094

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Critical superflow, preceding a free ringing superfluid oscillation, induces a remnant stochastic uncertainty in the oscillation amplitude. We demonstrate that the distribution function for the oscillation's velocity amplitude reflects both the quantized size of the underlying phase-slip dissipation events, as well as the stochastic nature of the processes which nucleate the slips
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The quantum nucleation of phase slips in neutral superfluids confined in a thin torus is investigated by means of the collective coordinate method. We have devised, with numerical justification, a certain collective coordinate to describe the quantum nucleation process of a phase slip. Considering the quantum fluctuation around the local minimum of the action, we calculate the effective mass of the phase slip. Due to the coherence of the condensate throughout the torus, the effective mass is proportional to the circumference L of the torus, and the decay rate has a strong exponential L-dependence.
Additional dissipation of oscillatory superflow has been observed in uniformly rotating 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He-BBB. The damping increases linearly with angular velocity and is interpreted in terms of vortex-induced mutual friction similar to that observed in superfluid 4He^{4}\mathrm{He}4He. In the nonrotating state the damping is amplitude dependent, and may contain a contribution from remanent vorticity.
We study the metastability and decay of multiply charged superflow in a ring-shaped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Supercurrent corresponding to a giant vortex with topological charge up to q=10q=10q=10 is phase imprinted optically and detected both interferometrically and kinematically. We observe q=3q=3q=3 superflow persisting for up to a minute and clearly resolve a cascade of quantized steps in its decay. These stochastic decay events, associated with vortex-induced $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase slips, correspond to collective jumps of atoms between discrete qqq values. We demonstrate the ability to detect quantized rotational states with $>999999%$ fidelity, which allows a detailed quantitative study of time-resolved phase-slip dynamics. We find that the supercurrent decays rapidly if the superflow speed exceeds a critical velocity in good agreement with numerical simulations, and we also observe rare stochastic phase slips for superflow speeds below the critical velocity.