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Canadian Journal of Physics

Thermal effect in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level system

C. H. A. Fonseca, L. A. Amarante Ribeiro

Published Nov 1, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The damped two-level system, driven by a strong incident classical field near resonance frequency is subjected to the effect of thermal fluctuations. To simulate the thermal bath we introduce a large system of harmonic oscillators that represents the normal modes of the thermal radiation field. From the Heisenberg equations of motion we calculate the power spectrum of the scattered field and the intensity correlation function. The results show that the presence of the bath dramatically modifies the light scattered by the two-level system when compared with the case without a thermal bath.

DOI
10.1139/p91-203

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The damped two-level system, driven by a strong incident classical field near resonance frequency is subjected to the effect of thermal fluctuations. To simulate the thermal bath we introduce a large system of harmonic oscillators that represents the normal modes of the thermal radiation field. From the Heisenberg equations of motion we calculate the power spectrum of the scattered field and the intensity correlation function. The results show that the presence of the bath dramatically modifies the light scattered by the two-level system when compared with the case without a thermal bath.
In this work we study the effect of thermal fluctuations in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level system. The damped two-level system is driven by a strong incident classical field near resonance frequency. To simulate the thermal bath we introduce a large system of harmonic oscillators that represent the normal modes of the thermal radiation field. To obtain the time development of the fluorescent light intensity we solve the Heisenberg equations of motion transformed in a system of coupled integral equations by an iterative method. The results show that the presence of the bath modifies dramatically the time development of the fluorescence light intensity when compared with the case T=0 K.
The effect of thermal fluctuations in the resonance fluorescence of a three-level system is studied. The damped three-level system is driven by two strong incident classical fields near resonances frequencies. The simulation of a thermal bath is obtained with a large system of harmonic oscillators that represent the normal modes of the thermal radiation field. The time evolution of the fluorescent light intensities are obtained solving by a iterative method the Heisenberg equations of motion in the integral form. The results show that the time development of the intensity of the fluorescence light is strongly affected by the interaction of the system with the thermal bath.
The power spectrum of the radiation emitted by a driven collision-damped two-level system is evaluated. The driving field, which is treated classically, is assumed to oscillate harmonically near the atomic resonance frequency, and its intensity is allowed to assume arbitrary values. The collisions are assumed to be strong, i.e., to instantaneously thermalize the state of the atom. The limiting forms of the power spectrum of the radiated field are discussed for the cases of low and high excitation of the atomic system.
A non-Markovian microscopic theory for the spontaneous emission spectrum of a two-level atom driven by a strong laser field and undergoing dephasing via the interaction with a thermal bath is developed. The present theory is valid for an arbitrary correlation time scale of the bath relative to the linewidth and interpolates from the Markovian to the static limits. Model calculations using the stochastic line-shape function of Kubo show how the characteristic triplet spectrum is modified by the interaction with the bath. The present results generalize our previous studies of resonance Raman scattering in a three-level system in a strong radiation field.
We consider light scattering from a multilevel system (e.g., a molecule) interacting with several heat baths. The Liouville space approach is employed and weak incident radiation intensity is assumed, whereas the light scattering process is described in the lowest appropriate order in the interaction between the molecule and the incident and emitted photons. The interaction with other radiation field modes as well as with the thermal baths is treated more fully, such as to account for the correct damping terms and their temperature dependence. The formalism is suited for light scattering from an impurity molecule in both gas and dense phases. The thermal baths induce relaxation within the manifold of excited states as well as transitions to nonradiative channels. Damping due to such transitions (as well as radiative damping) corresponds to interactions with zero temperature baths. The physical interpretation of such a bath depends on the nature of the particular damping process. Thermal relaxation within the excited manifold is induced by interaction with the environment represented by a bath of temperature T. Part of this interaction which is diagonal in the molecular space corresponds to the so-called ’’quasielastic collisions’’ and induces modulations of the molecular energy levels and broadening of the relaxed emission. The remainder, nondiagonal part induces actual transitions between the excited molecular energy levels. The formalism yields in a single calculation expressions for the cross section for both the coherent (Raman) scattering process and the relaxed luminescence and enables us to discuss the effects of different factors such as temperature and quenching processes on the relative yields for these processes. The formalism also allows for interference between different levels of the excited manifold due to coupling of several levels to the same bath, and makes it possible to study the effect of thermal relaxation on these interference phenomena.
The power spectrum of the light scattered by a two-level atom driven near resonance by a monochromatic classical electric field is evaluated. The atom is assumed to relax to equilibrium with the driving field via radiation damping, which is treated by explicitly coupling the atom to the quantized electromagnetic field modes. The power spectrum of the scattered field is directly obtainable from the two-time atomic dipole moment correlation function, which is evaluated by a method based on a Markoff-type assumption analogous to that used to evaluate the time evolution of single-time atomic expectation values.