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Physical Review A

Controllable optical switch using a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical cavity

Shuai Yang, M. Al-Amri, Jörg Evers, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Published May 13, 2011• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The optical bistability of an ultracold atomic ensemble located in a small-volume ultrahigh-finesse optical cavity is investigated. We find that a transverse pumping field can be used to control the bistable behavior of the intracavity photons induced by the input pumping along the cavity axis. This phenomenon can be used as a controllable optical switch.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.053821

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The optical bistability of an ultracold atomic ensemble located in a small-volume ultrahigh-finesse optical cavity is investigated. We find that a transverse pumping field can be used to control the bistable behavior of the intracavity photons induced by the input pumping along the cavity axis. This phenomenon can be used as a controllable optical switch.
We investigate theoretically the effect of optical feedback from a cavity containing an ultracold two level atomic ensemble, on the bistable behavior shown by mean intracavity optical field in an optomechanical cavity resonator. It turns out that the optical bistability can be controlled by tuning the frequency and power of the single driving laser as well as by varying different system parameters provided by the hybrid interaction. Significantly, even though the atomic cavity is not driven by any laser pump and there is no coupling with the mechanical oscillator directly, the intracavity optical field in the atomic cavity also exhibits bistability due to the optical coupling with the optomechanical cavity. In essence, our work emphasizes the possibility of realization of a better controllable optical switch depending on the hybrid interaction.
We investigate, theoretically, the effect of optical feedback from a cavity containing an ultracold two-level atomic ensemble, on the bistable behavior shown by a mean intracavity optical field in an optomechanical cavity resonator. It turns out that the optical bistability can be controlled by tuning the frequency and power of the driving laser and is largely affected by the presence of the atomic ensemble in the feedback cavity. In essence, our work emphasizes the possibility of realization of a controllable optical switch depending on the hybrid interaction, commanding lower threshold power than a single optomechanical cavity.
A Bose–Einstein condensate is dispersively coupled to a single mode of an ultra-high finesse optical cavity. The system is governed by strong interactions between the atomic motion and the light field even at the level of single quanta. While coherently pumping the cavity mode the condensate is subject to the cavity optical lattice potential whose depth depends nonlinearly on the atomic density distribution. We observe optical bistability already below the single photon level and strong back-action dynamics which tunes the coupled system periodically out of resonance.
Abstract The optical bistability (OB) in a two-mode optomechanical system with a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is studied. By investigating the behavior of steady state solutions, we show that how OB develops in the system for a certain range of cavity-pump detunings and pump amplitudes. We then investigate the effects of the decay rate of the cavity photons and coupling strength between the cavity and the BEC as well as the pump-atom detuning on the optical behaviour of the system. We find that one can control the OB threshold and width of the bistability curve via adjusting properly the coupling strength and the detuning. By applying Routh–Hurwitz criterion, we then derive stability conditions for different branches of the OB curve. Moreover, by introducing an effective potential for the system, a simple physical interpretation is obtained.
The nonlinear dynamics of the photon number in an optical cavity filled with a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate is investigated. We find that the way of adding the field is crucial to the switching close to the critical transition point. If the pump field is changed abruptly, the system may jump from one branch to the other even if the pump field intensity has not reached the critical transition point yet. This behavior is similar to the anomalous switching in the dispersive optical bistability.