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IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

On the Secrecy Rate Achievability in Dual-Hop Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks

Auon Muhammad Akhtar, Aydin Behnad, Xianbin Wang

Published Aug 19, 2014• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The achievable secrecy rate of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward relaying system, in the presence of an eavesdropper, is investigated based on the different values of the wireless links' signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). It is shown that when the direct link to the eavesdropper is in a better condition than the direct link to the destination, but the relaying link for the destination is better than the relaying link for the eavesdropper, under specific conditions for the links SNRs, it is possible to achieve the secrecy rate for a limited range of the relay power. On the other hand, when the direct link to the destination is better than the direct link to the eavesdropper, under certain conditions for the links' SNRs, it is not always beneficial to employ the relay, since there exists a limited range of relaying power for which secrecy rate is not achievable. Finally, it is shown that the source transmit power has no impact on the secrecy rate achievability. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis carried out in this letter.

DOI
10.1109/lwc.2014.2349514

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The achievable secrecy rate of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward relaying system, in the presence of an eavesdropper, is investigated based on the different values of the wireless links' signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). It is shown that when the direct link to the eavesdropper is in a better condition than the direct link to the destination, but the relaying link for the destination is better than the relaying link for the eavesdropper, under specific conditions for the links SNRs, it is possible to achieve the secrecy rate for a limited range of the relay power. On the other hand, when the direct link to the destination is better than the direct link to the eavesdropper, under certain conditions for the links' SNRs, it is not always beneficial to employ the relay, since there exists a limited range of relaying power for which secrecy rate is not achievable. Finally, it is shown that the source transmit power has no impact on the secrecy rate achievability. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis carried out in this letter.
In this paper, the secrecy of a cooperative system consisting of a single source, relay, destination and eavesdropper is analyzed. The threshold-selection decode-and-forward relay is considered, where the relay can correctly decode and forward only if it satisfies a threshold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Both destination and eavesdropper take advantage of the direct and relayed transmissions through maximal ratio diversity combining. The secrecy outage probability (SOP) and ergodic secrecy rate are derived in closed-form for different channel state information (CSI) availability. It was observed that when the required rate is low, having CSI knowledge is more advantageous than in the case of higher rate. An increase in the required threshold SNR at the relay can increase the SOP if the relayed link SNR is relatively higher than the direct link SNR. It was also shown that SOP cannot be improved beyond a certain value when keeping either dual-hop link average SNR fixed and increasing the other link SNR, whereas the ergodic secrecy rate can be increased by keeping the source to destination average SNR fixed.
Cooperative relaying and cooperative jamming have been used to improve the secrecy of wireless networks. In this paper, Artificial Noise (AN) based secrecy enhancement of a dual-hop wireless network consisting of ‘n’ amplify-and-forward (AF) relays in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (E) is studied. A practical setting where direct links exist between source-destination (S-D) and source-eavesdropper (S-E) is considered. The source allocates some of its available power to transmit AN in order to confuse the eavesdropper and thereby degrades its channel. The optimum power allocation factor (a) and maximum secrecy rate are estimated analytically and by simulation. The performance is evaluated based on secrecy rate (Rs) and bit error rate (BER); for the case of randomly distributed relays and for any eavesdropper location. Numerical results show the improvement of the proposed cooperative scheme over other schemes.
We evaluate the upper bound, lower bound and an approximate expression for secrecy outage probability of a dual hop Amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system when the single cooperating relay among the relays is selected without the knowledge of eavesdropper's instantaneous channel state information (CSI). This situation arises when eavesdropper is not a legitimate node, or being a trusted node, it acts maliciously and does not share its instantaneous CSI. We also obtain the tighter bounds in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the source to relay links and in high SNR of the relay to destination links. We show that when the SNR of the source to relay links tends to zero, it becomes the bottle neck for secure communication, and the secrecy outage tends to 1. We show that the approximate expression follows the simulated outage closely and the outage decreases with an increase in the number of relays and increases with an increase in the required secrecy rate.
In this paper we evaluate the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of an amplify and forward relay (AFR) scheme in presence of a single eavesdropper (EAV). A two hop communication scheme is studied where secrecy is enhanced by transmitting jamming signals from source (S), relay (R) and destination (D). A novel scheme of assisting the confidential information transfer by simultaneous transmission of jamming signal is presented. The source transmit power is appropriately divided for simultaneously transmission of jamming signal and information signal following a power splitting ratio (a). The performance of the scheme is evaluated in terms of secrecy outage probability (SOP) under several conditions of transmission power of source, relay, destination and SNRs of inter node channels. A MATLAB based simulation of our scheme demonstrates significant reduction of SOP.
The problem of secure unicast communication over multihop wireless relay networks with directed links in the presence of an eavesdropper is considered. In the existing literature this problem has been considered in one or both of the following two scenarios: (A) relay nodes employ relaying schemes, such as Decode-and-Forward (DF), (B) the source communicates with the destination over a two-hop relay network. We argue that computationally complex relaying schemes such as DF render end-to-end performance characterization intractable, without providing any performance guarantee in general channel and network scenarios. Therefore, we consider one of the simplest relaying scheme: Amplify-and-Forward (AF) that allows us to provide guarantees on the optimal performance over a wide range of channel conditions. A node performing AF-relaying scales and forwards the signal received at its input. Further, with AF-relaying the end-to-end performance characterization problem remains tractable for much larger class of networks than those that can be considered with other relaying schemes. The key contribution of this work is twofold. We first provide the optimal vector of scaling factors that maximizes the achievable AF secrecy rate, no matter which relay the eavesdropper listens to. Further, we prove that in high-SNR regime, the optimal AF secrecy rate thus achieved is within a constant gap from the cutset upper bound on the secrecy capacity.
In wireless communication, physical layer security is widely used for secure communication between the transmitter and the receiver. In this paper, the secrecy performance of two cooperative schemes, decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) relays is investigated in a single hop wireless relaying system. The achievable secrecy rate is investigated with these two types of relays under the constraint of total power transmitted. In the given jamming relay network, the relay transmits jamming signal while receiving data signal from the source. It is indicated by the resulting analysis that the AF relays have better secrecy rate as compared to the DF relays in the given condition. The secrecy rate of the AF relay is higher than that of the DF relay by 71.88% at a distance of 70 m between the relay and the eavesdropper in this jamming relay network.