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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Conformal spectrum of the six-vertex model

Andreas Klümper, T Wehner, J. Zittartz

Published Jun 21, 1993• 50 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By way of a generalization of analytical methods recently introduced, the conformal spectrum of the six-vertex model with twisted boundary conditions is analysed. Nonlinear integral equations are derived, from which all scaling dimensions and the spins can be extracted analytically in terms of Rogers dilogarithms. The scaling dimensions of low-lying excitations are given by the so-called Gaussian dimensions.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/26/12/021

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By way of a generalization of analytical methods recently introduced, the conformal spectrum of the six-vertex model with twisted boundary conditions is analysed. Nonlinear integral equations are derived, from which all scaling dimensions and the spins can be extracted analytically in terms of Rogers dilogarithms. The scaling dimensions of low-lying excitations are given by the so-called Gaussian dimensions.
A new and general analytic method for calculating finite-size corrections and central charges is applied to the 6- and 19-vertex models and their related spin-1/2 and spin-1 XXZ chains with twisted boundary conditions. Nonlinear integral equations are derived from which the central charge c can be extracted in terms of Rogers dilogarithms. For twist angle phi , the central charge is c=3S/S+1 (1-4(S-1) phi 2 / pi ( pi -2S gamma )) where gamma is the crossing parameter or chain anisotropy and spin S=1/2 or 1. For periodic boundary conditions ( phi =0) this reduces to the known results c=1 and c=3/2, respectively.
The inhomogeneous six-vertex model is a 2D multiparametric integrable statistical system. In the scaling limit it is expected to cover different classes of critical behaviour, which have remained mostly unexplored. For general values of the parameters and twisted boundary conditions, the model possesses U(1) invariance. We discuss the restrictions imposed on the parameters for which additional global symmetries that are consistent with the integrable structure arise. We also describe the Hermitian structures, which are consistent with the integrable one. The aforementioned general study laid the foundation for performing a detailed study of the scaling limit of a certain critical, integrable inhomogeneous six-vertex model subject to twisted boundary conditions. It is mainly based on a numerical analysis of the Bethe ansatz equations accompanied by the powerful analytic technique of the ODE/IQFT correspondence. The outcome of our study indicates that the critical behaviour of the lattice system is described by the gauged SL(2) WZW model with certain boundary and reality conditions imposed on the fields.
The finite-size spectrum of the critical staggered six-vertex model with antidiagonal boundary conditions is studied. Similar to the case of periodic boundary conditions, we identify three different phases. In two of those, the underlying conformal field theory can be identified to be related to the twisted U(1)U(1)U(1) Kac-Moody algebra. In contrast, the finite size scaling in the third regime, whose critical behaviour with the (quasi-)periodic BCs is related to the 2d black hole CFTs possessing a non-compact degree of freedom, is more subtle. Here with antidiagonal BCs imposed, the corrections to the scaling of the ground state grow logarithmically with the system size, while the energy gaps appear to close logarithmically. Moreover, we obtain an explicit formula for the Q-operator which is useful for numerical implementation.
The finite-size spectrum of the critical staggered six-vertex model with antidiagonal boundary conditions is studied. Similar to the case of periodic boundary conditions, we identify three different phases. In two of those, the underlying conformal field theory can be identified to be related to the twisted U(1) Kac-Moody algebra. In contrast, the finite size scaling in the third regime, whose critical behaviour with the (quasi-)periodic BCs is related to the 2d black hole CFTs possessing a non-compact degree of freedom, is more subtle. Here with antidiagonal BCs imposed, the corrections to the scaling of the ground state grow logarithmically with the system size, while the energy gaps appear to close logarithmically. Moreover, we obtain an explicit formula for the Q-operator which is useful for numerical implementation.
The work contains a detailed study of the scaling limit of a certain critical, integrable inhomogeneous six-vertex model subject to twisted boundary conditions. It is based on a numerical analysis of the Bethe ansatz equations as well as the powerful analytic technique of the ODE/IQFT correspondence. The results indicate that the critical behaviour of the lattice system is described by the gauged SL(2) WZW model with certain boundary and reality conditions imposed on the fields. Our proposal revises and extends the conjectured relation between the lattice system and the Euclidean black hole non-linear sigma model that was made in the 2011 paper of Ikhlef, Jacobsen and Saleur.
Numerical solutions of the Bethe-Ansatz equations for the eigenenergies of XXZ Hamiltonian on very large chains are used to identify, via conformal invariance, the scaling dimensions of various two-dimensional models. With periodic boundary conditions, eight-vertex and Gaussian model operators are found. The scaling dimensions of the Ashkin-Teller and Potts models are obtained by the exact relating of eigenstates of their quantum Hamiltonians to those of the XXZ chain with modified boundary conditions. The irrelevant operators governing the dominant finite-size corrections are also identified.