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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Opto-mechanical parametric resonance in the three-level system

Sergey Siparov

Published Jul 11, 2001• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of opto-mechanical parametric resonance (OMPR) described theoretically for the two-level system has important applications for a high-precision spectroscopy. A further investigation of this effect for the case of the three-level system that could be of interest from the experimental point of view is presented here. The main advantage of a method based on the OMPR is the possibility of using radio methods in optical spectroscopy. In this paper the calculation of the absorption coefficient of the three-level atom under OMPR conditions is presented.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/34/14/309

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The effect of opto-mechanical parametric resonance (OMPR) described theoretically for the two-level system has important applications for a high-precision spectroscopy. A further investigation of this effect for the case of the three-level system that could be of interest from the experimental point of view is presented here. The main advantage of a method based on the OMPR is the possibility of using radio methods in optical spectroscopy. In this paper the calculation of the absorption coefficient of the three-level atom under OMPR conditions is presented.
A beam of two-level atoms or ions excited by the resonant laser radiation orthogonal to the beam is observed from the third orthogonal direction. The well known resonance fluorescence three-peaked spectrum is deformed when the atoms or ions forming the beam oscillate at the Rabi frequency in the direction of the laser radiation wavevector, and the characteristic feature appears on the spectrum. The calculation based on the Bloch equations is presented and possible applications of the effect are discussed.
The expression for the absorption coefficient in two-photon resonance transitions is deduced under general conditions. No particular restrictions are imposed on the level system or on the frequencies and intensities of the fields. The following cases are considered: (i) a two-level system (with and without singularities) irradiated by a single wave and (ii) a three-level system irradiated by two waves. Some theoretical and experimental disagreements reported by authors of previous papers are examined and clarified by the present theory.
Summary form only given, as follows. One of the leading directions of nonlinear laser spectroscopy is a study of interaction of radiation with material. The purpose of the work is to research effects of amplification of radiation without creation of initial inversion of population levels in three-level atomic media. Calculation of generation parameters in three-level systems on the main transition will allow to get a generation at frequencies where creating the usual lasers is difficult (ultraviolet and X-ray area).
The parametric resonances and the quasi-level structure of an atom strongly driven by a near-resonant amplitude-modulated optical field are studied theoretically. An approximate analytical solution of the density-matrix equations of motion is obtained for two-level and three-level atoms. Based on this solution the quasi-level shifts are analyzed, and the conditions for the quasi-levels to cross each other are derived. Expressions are given for the probe-wave absorption/gain spectrum near the parametric resonance and far from it. It is pointed out that the parametric resonances appear when the pumping field sidebands are tuned to resonance with some transitions among the quasi-levels.
The Properties of light generated by V-type three-level laser in a doubly resonant opto-mechanical cavity coupled to squeezed vacuum reservoir have been studied. The atoms injected into the laser cavity are initially prepared in a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Employing the expectation values of the cavity mode variables at steady state , the variances of quadratures and EPR-like variables of the cavity light modes have been determined. The results show that the two-mode cavity light exhibits squeezing in the minus quadrature and entanglement for small values of linear gain coefficient of the atom. The opto-mechanical coupling strength and cavity size diminish the squeezing and entanglement properties, even though these quantities have no effect on the mean photon number of the cavity modes. Moreover, 87.8% of quadrature squeezing below the vacuum state is obtained.
The nonlinear optical properties of three-level atomic systems in the resonance Raman configuration are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Special emphasis is placed on the optical properties which are unique to three-level systems, and have potential device applications. In particular, microwave-phase-dependent optical absorption is demonstrated experimentally. This is of interest because of potential applications to microwave circuit phase mapping, and mm-wave to FIR beam steering and image conversion. Optical data storage with Raman excited microwave spin echoes is also demonstrated experimentally. This technique has potential for increasing storage densities in optical echo memories and may lead to near-room-temperature materials for echo storage and processing. Finally, the optical forces on three- level atoms in Raman resonant standing waves are studied to investigate the potential for using trapped neutral atoms as nonlinear optical elements.