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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Parametric nonlinear supernarrow resonances in the susceptibility spectrum of a three-level atomic system in multimode strong radiation at the main transition and the weak biharmonic probe field

Svetlana Uvarova, S. A. Pulkin, L.Y. Abramova, Vladimir I. Korotkov

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given, as follows. One of the leading directions of nonlinear laser spectroscopy is a study of interaction of radiation with material. The purpose of the work is to research effects of amplification of radiation without creation of initial inversion of population levels in three-level atomic media. Calculation of generation parameters in three-level systems on the main transition will allow to get a generation at frequencies where creating the usual lasers is difficult (ultraviolet and X-ray area).

DOI
10.1109/cpem.1998.699937

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We study the effect of nonlinear interference processes on quantum transitions in intense resonant electromagnetic fields with allowance for changes in level populations, relaxation processes, incoherent excitation, and Doppler broadening of the transitions, on the absorption, amplification, and refraction of the interacting fields. The theory is generalized to the case of nonlinear interference interaction of two intense fields in open and closed three-level quantum systems. Using the density matrix, we derive general expressions in the case of stationary interaction that make it possible to analyze the optical characteristics for various configurations of the interfering transitions by a simple substitution of parameters. The possibility of amplifying light without saturated population inversion in a resonant transition is discussed. We formulate the conditions for such amplification and use examples to show that under appropriate changes in the initial level populations and the intensity of the auxiliary light, the inversionless amplification coefficient does not decrease with increasing intensity of the amplified radiation. We also show that allowance for these accompanying processes greatly affects the choice of optimal conditions for interference in optical transitions. As an illustration we list the results of a numerical analysis of possible experiments.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Feb 1, 1998•5 citations
Summary form only given, as follows. One of the leading directions of nonlinear laser spectroscopy is a study of interaction of radiation with material. The purpose of the work is to research effects of amplification of radiation without creation of initial inversion of population levels in three-level atomic media. Calculation of generation parameters in three-level systems on the main transition will allow to get a generation at frequencies where creating the usual lasers is difficult (ultraviolet and X-ray area).
A three-level atomic system with a strong three-mode field and a probing biharmonic field at transitions 1→2 and 1⇆3 (1 is a common lower level), respectively, is studied theoretically by numerical simulation and an analysis of the mathematical expressions derived for the particular case of a symmetric arrangement of the strong field components relative to the transition frequency ω 21 . The absorption spectrum of the probing field components contains parametric supernarrow resonances against the background of resonances of the nonlinear interference effect. The ratios of the differences in the frequencies of the strong and probing fields, at which the supernarrow resonances appear, are found analytically. The results coincide with those obtained from numerical simulation.
Let us consider preliminary two situations. In the first of them the monochromatic radiation is absorbing. The increase of its intensity leads to the diminution of an absorption down to zero in a limiting case, i.e. to the effect of saturated absorption. In the second case an absorption of test radiation with a small intensity is observing, while two—level atom is strongly interacting with a perturbing field. This case is characterized by asymmetric dependence of absorption on the frequency difference w- w = A, where w and w are the frequencies of two light waves. As it was shown by Rautian and Sobelman in 19611, the amplification of test radiation arises in a certain range of frequency offsets A instead of the absorption, and the energy transfers from a strong wave to a weak one. In this paper we study the problem which appears from the above situation, when the intensity of test radiation increases. Such an increase leads to new maxima in absorption spectra of test radiation at frequencies A = i n = 2, 3 4 . . . which are additional to the main maxima at n R A = where R the Rabi frequency. These new resonances were observed by Bonch-Bruevich, Vartanyan, and Chigir in 19792 and cal led the subradiat ive structure. We have the following simple approximate expression for R obtained in the case of interaction with two fields: Q =d(?+E2)1"2/h. (1) R 0 1 There are two essential effects in the described situation: the saturation of absorption and the nonlinear interference effect. The last causes the redistribution of an absorbed energy between radiation components, the negative absorption (amplification) without population inversion, and the multiphoton parametric resonances at difference frequencies. The laser generation on the base7of the negative absorption without population inversion was obtained in 1989. The following problems arise from the facts reviewed above: 1. The calculation of absorption coefficients for individual components of a strong polychromatic radiation with an equidistant spectrum. 2. Determining of a generalized Rabi frequency and verification of the simple formula A = In for maxima of resonances. n R The aim of this paper is to solve these problems.
The interaction of intense laser fields with matter is accompanied by a multitude of phenomena, ranging from the generation of coherent radiation across various spectral ranges (from terahertz to soft X-rays) to the creation of beams of accelerated charged particles and micromodification of the volume and surface of various samples.To describe this diversity of phenomena, several theoretical approaches have been developed to date.These approaches utilize different approximations to address this complex nonlinear problem, allowing for the explanation of specific aspects of such interactions.The developed theoretical frameworks consider the interaction at both microscopic and macroscopic levels; at the microscopic level, they investigate the characteristics of single atoms interacting with laser fields, while at the macroscopic level, they analyze nonlinear susceptibilities that describe the nonlinear polarization of the medium during the propagation of laser radiation through it.This work presents an overview of methods describing some of the most commonly employed theoretical approaches to model the response of a medium at a microscopic (quantum-mechanical) level, as well as various methods for controlling the properties of generated coherent radiation.A model for the gas medium is described that accounts for both the response characteristics of individual atoms and allows for consideration of phase and quasiphase matching effects during radiation generation.The influence of medium parameters on the efficiency of generation and polarization properties of generated radiation is analyzed under both phase and quasi-phase matching conditions.A detailed description of an analytical method for calculating the nonlinear susceptibility of a gas medium is provided.The obtained values of nonlinear susceptibility for arbitrary orders may be useful in numerical calculations concerning the propagation of laser radiation in matter.Various channels for radiation generation are analyzed as parameters of the laser field are varied.
This chapter shows that several non-linear features can be demonstrated and the line shape of sub-natural line width can be obtained by manipulation of the powers of the two interacting laser radiations. The interaction of the laser radiation can produce a coherent superposition of the atomic states such that atoms are trapped in one state so that the atomic system may be transparent even in the presence of radiation frequency that is on resonance. Saturation spectroscopy is more conveniently performed in three level atomic systems interacting with two laser radiations. One of the radiations, called pump beam, has higher intensity and frequency on resonance or close to resonance with the transition frequency across two levels of the atom. The second laser radiation, called probe beam, is weaker and interacts with two other energy levels, one of which is common to the pump transition. A few hyperfine transitions are within the envelope of one Doppler profile.
We study the effect of nonlinear interference processes on quantum transitions in intense resonant electromagnetic fields with allowance for changes in level populations, relaxation processes, incoherent excitation, and Doppler broadening of the transitions, on the absorption, amplification, and refraction of the interacting fields. The theory is generalized to the case of nonlinear interference interaction of two intense fields in open and closed three-level quantum systems. Using the density matrix, we derive general expressions in the case of stationary interaction that make it possible to analyze the optical characteristics for various configurations of the interfering transitions by a simple substitution of parameters. The possibility of amplifying light without saturated population inversion in a resonant transition is discussed. We formulate the conditions for such amplification and use examples to show that under appropriate changes in the initial level populations and the intensity of the auxiliary light, the inversionless amplification coefficient does not decrease with increasing intensity of the amplified radiation. We also show that allowance for these accompanying processes greatly affects the choice of optimal conditions for interference in optical transitions. As an illustration we list the results of a numerical analysis of possible experiments.