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Physical Review A

Resonant dipole-dipole interaction in a cavity

Takayoshi Kobayashi, Qianbing Zheng, Takashi Sekiguchi

Published Oct 1, 1995• 85 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) in a Fabry-P\'erot cavity is studied by the mode-expansion method. It is shown that the RDDI depends upon three factors: the length of the cavity, the positions of molecules, and the polarization of dipoles. It is also revealed by the mode-expansion calculation that, instead of contributions only from the propagating modes, the RDDI can also be assisted by the evanescent photons in the cavity. The expressions of energy transfer rate are obtained both for the two-level model and multilevel one in terms of observed spectral shape functions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.52.2835

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Resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) in a Fabry-P'erot cavity is studied by the mode-expansion method. It is shown that the RDDI depends upon three factors: the length of the cavity, the positions of molecules, and the polarization of dipoles. It is also revealed by the mode-expansion calculation that, instead of contributions only from the propagating modes, the RDDI can also be assisted by the evanescent photons in the cavity. The expressions of energy transfer rate are obtained both for the two-level model and multilevel one in terms of observed spectral shape functions.
Summary form only given. Though the resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) has been suggested for realization of entangling dynamics several years ago, it was only recently that several authors have investigated this interaction in more detail as a method for entangling neutral atoms in optical traps. Unfortunately, the considered entangled states of two-level atoms have very short lifetimes due to radiative decay. This is explained by the fact that radiative decay and RDDI have the same physical nature, and we cannot avoid the former while making use of the later. In the work we solve this conceptual problem by presenting new methods for creation of radiatively stable entanglement in a system of two dipole-interacting three-level atoms.
The Rabi Hamiltonian, describing the interaction between a two-level atomic system and a single-cavity mode of the electromagnetic field, is one of the fundamental models in quantum optics. The model becomes exactly solvable by considering an atom without permanent dipole moments, whose excitation energy is quasiresonant with the cavity photon energy, and by neglecting the nonresonant (counter-rotating) terms. In this case, after including the decay of either the atom or the cavity mode to a continuum, one can derive the well-known phenomenology of quasiresonant transitions, including the fluorescence triplets. In this work we consider the most general Rabi model, incorporating the effects of permanent atomic electric dipole moments. Based on a perturbative analysis, we compare the intensities of emission lines induced by rotating terms, counter-rotating terms, and parity-symmetry-breaking terms in order to identify the parameter regimes in which these different contributions play a significant role. The analysis reveals that the emission strength related to the existence of permanent dipoles may surpass the one due to the counter-rotating interaction terms but is usually much weaker than the emission due to the main, resonant coupling. This ratio can be modified in systems with a reduced dimensionality or by engineering the energy spectral density of the continuum.
Resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) emerges in strong light-matter interacting systems, which leads to many fascinating phenomena such as cooperative light scattering and collective radiation. Here, we theoretically investigate the role of RDDI in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The resonant dipole-dipole interactions manifest themselves in the cooperative spontaneous emission of the probe light transition, which give rise a broadened linewidth and associated collective frequency shift. This cooperative linewidth originates from the nonlocal and long-range RDDI, which can be determined by the atomic density, optical depth, and macroscopic length scales of the atomic ensemble. We present the finding that EIT spectroscopy essentially demonstrates all-order multiple scattering of RDDI. Furthermore, we find that the EIT transparency window becomes narrower as the cooperative linewidth increases, which essentially reduces the storage efficiency of slow light as an EIT-based quantum memory application.
We consider the feasibility of controlling the energy transfer between an unexcited and an excited atom using microcavities. The excitation-transfer probability is related to the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction and thus the excitation-transfer rates could be increased by enhancing the dipole-dipole interaction. We demonstrate this enhancement with an explicit three-dimensional calculation for a metallic cavity, which we characterize with a realistic dielectric function. We also demonstrate the shifts in cavity resonances from their ideal positions $m\ensuremath{\lambda}/2$ (mmm is an integer and \ensuremath{\lambda} is the wavelength).
We report the development of quantum microscopic theory of quasiresonant dipole-dipole interaction in the ensembles of impurity atoms imbedded into transparent dielectric and located in a Fabry-Perot cavity. On the basis of the general approach we study the simultaneous influence of the cavity and resonant dipole-dipole interaction on the shape of the line of atomic transition as well as on light trapping in dense impurity ensembles. We analyze this influence depending on the size of the ensemble, its density, as well as on rms deviation of the transition frequency shifts caused by the symmetry disturbance of the internal fields of the dielectric medium. Obtained results are compared with the case when the cavity is absent. We show that the cavity can essentially modify cooperative polyatomic effects.