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Physical Review A

Microcavity-induced modification of the dipole-dipole interaction

G. S. Agarwal, S. Dutta Gupta

Published Jan 1, 1998• 94 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the feasibility of controlling the energy transfer between an unexcited and an excited atom using microcavities. The excitation-transfer probability is related to the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction and thus the excitation-transfer rates could be increased by enhancing the dipole-dipole interaction. We demonstrate this enhancement with an explicit three-dimensional calculation for a metallic cavity, which we characterize with a realistic dielectric function. We also demonstrate the shifts in cavity resonances from their ideal positions $m\ensuremath{\lambda}/2$ ($m$ is an integer and \ensuremath{\lambda} is the wavelength).

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.667

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We consider the feasibility of controlling the energy transfer between an unexcited and an excited atom using microcavities. The excitation-transfer probability is related to the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction and thus the excitation-transfer rates could be increased by enhancing the dipole-dipole interaction. We demonstrate this enhancement with an explicit three-dimensional calculation for a metallic cavity, which we characterize with a realistic dielectric function. We also demonstrate the shifts in cavity resonances from their ideal positions m\ensuremathλ/2m\ensuremath{\lambda}/2m\ensuremathλ/2 (mmm is an integer and \ensuremath{\lambda} is the wavelength).
We compute the energies of the interaction between two atoms placed in the middle of a perfectly reflecting planar cavity, in the weak-coupling nondegenerate regime. Both inhibition and enhancement of the interactions can be obtained by varying the size of the cavity. We derive exact expressions for the dyadic Green's function of the cavity field which mediates the interactions and apply time-dependent quantum perturbation theory in the adiabatic approximation. We provide explicit expressions for the van der Waals potentials of two polarizable atomic dipoles and the electrostatic potential of two induced dipoles. We compute the van der Waals potentials in three different scenarios: two atoms in their ground states, two atoms excited, and two dissimilar atoms with one of them excited. In addition, we calculate the phase-shift rate of the two-atom wave function in each case. The effect of the two-dimensional confinement of the electromagnetic field on the dipole-dipole interactions is analyzed. This effect depends on the atomic polarization. For dipole moments oriented parallel to the cavity plates, both the electrostatic and the van der Waals interactions are exponentially suppressed for values of the cavity width much less than the interatomic distance, whereas for values of the width close to the interatomic distance, the strength of both interactions is higher than their values in the absence of cavity. For dipole moments perpendicular to the plates, the strength of the van der Waals interaction decreases for values of the cavity width close to the interatomic distance, while it increases for values of the width much less than the interatomic distance with respect to its strength in the absence of cavity. We illustrate these effects by computing the dipole-dipole interactions between two alkali atoms in circular Rydberg states.
Resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) in a Fabry-P\'erot cavity is studied by the mode-expansion method. It is shown that the RDDI depends upon three factors: the length of the cavity, the positions of molecules, and the polarization of dipoles. It is also revealed by the mode-expansion calculation that, instead of contributions only from the propagating modes, the RDDI can also be assisted by the evanescent photons in the cavity. The expressions of energy transfer rate are obtained both for the two-level model and multilevel one in terms of observed spectral shape functions.
Summary form only given.C.K Law et al. (1995) directed attention to the interaction between a field inside a cavity with a movable boundary and an atom inside the cavity and calculated the effect of the oscillatory motion of a boundary on the spontaneous spectrum in the adiabatic regime. In the present paper we show that fascinating features of such an interaction appear even in the case where the adiabatic approximation is satisfied. The dynamics of a three-state atom interacting with a cavity field is considered. Two states out of the three do not couple with each other directly but via the cavity modes, whose eigenfrequencies determined by the cavity length change with time. It is shown that the transition in the cavity can be enhanced through the indirect coupling. In the present analysis, the formulation based on the mode expansion of the cavity field is used. Since the mode functions contain a cavity length explicitly, the moving-boundary condition is taken into account in the population dynamics. This formulation also allows us to calculate the position-dependent behavior of the system. Here the discussion is restricted to the case where the atom exists at the center of the cavity. Initially the atom is assumed to be prepared in its first excited state. Coupling between the two states is enhanced under some conditions and it results in a population inversion between the two excited states. Furthermore, an interaction between two two-state atoms located in a cavity is studied and the dependence of the energy shift and interatomic energy transfer on the cavity length are analyzed. We found a resonance effect in the cavity length-dependent transition dipole.
By studying the transfer of excitation energy between dye molecules confined within an optical microcavity, we demonstrate experimentally that Förster energy transfer is influenced by the local photonic mode density. Locating donor and acceptor molecules at well-defined positions allows the transfer rate to be determined as a function of both mutual separation and cavity length. The results show that the Förster transfer rate depends linearly on the donor emission rate and hence photonic mode density, providing the potential to control energy transfer by modification of the optical environment.
Long-range dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) are essential for enabling scalable quantum technologies. However, their practical realization is fundamentally limited by spatial rapid decay and environmental noise. In this study, we propose a plasmon-assisted microcavities platform that integrates a photonic cavity with a plasmonic antenna for enhanced energy transfer between donors and acceptors. Benefiting from the resonating of the acceptors within the microcavity after receiving energy, stable long-range DDIs with an interaction distance of ∼13.6 μm and lasing emission can be achieved at ambient temperature. The results of this study suggest the potential for long-range, efficient DDIs in on-chip quantum systems with potential applications in quantum sensing and energy harvesting.