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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Secure optical communication system based on tunable fiber Bragg grating arrays

Hailei Xu, Jinfang Zhou, Menghu Cao, Kangsheng Chen

Published Jan 26, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Superstructured fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology has emerged as an attractive means to produce compact, and potentially low-cost in-fiber devices for a variety of lightwave applications. In this paper, a secure optical communication system based on tunable FBG arrays is described. Utilizing the inherent characteristics of FBG array to decompose broadband pulses simultaneously in wavelength and time, one broadband light pulse reaching a series of different Bragg gratings may be split into a number of separated pulses, each with different wavelength and is positioned at different time. To recover the original pulse, an inverted grating array is needed at the receiver side, i.e., the transmission is secure in case that the exact structure of the FBG array is unknown. Some of the factors affecting the process of encryption/decryption are indicated. To further increase the security of the system, theories about bent functions are presented and applied to generate bent sequences so as to charge the modes of FBG arrays because of the bent functions' excellent cryptographic properties. Simulations results are presented and analyzed to show the feasibility of the system. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the advantages for such an optical encryption/decryption system.

DOI
10.1117/12.668185

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Superstructured fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology has emerged as an attractive means to produce compact, and potentially low-cost in-fiber devices for a variety of lightwave applications. In this paper, a secure optical communication system based on tunable FBG arrays is described. Utilizing the inherent characteristics of FBG array to decompose broadband pulses simultaneously in wavelength and time, one broadband light pulse reaching a series of different Bragg gratings may be split into a number of separated pulses, each with different wavelength and is positioned at different time. To recover the original pulse, an inverted grating array is needed at the receiver side, i.e., the transmission is secure in case that the exact structure of the FBG array is unknown. Some of the factors affecting the process of encryption/decryption are indicated. To further increase the security of the system, theories about bent functions are presented and applied to generate bent sequences so as to charge the modes of FBG arrays because of the bent functions' excellent cryptographic properties. Simulations results are presented and analyzed to show the feasibility of the system. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the advantages for such an optical encryption/decryption system.
Secure optical communication systems based on general bent sequences have been described which encode/decode information with arrays of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). A broadband pulse coming from an optical source will be split into a series of separated pulses when it reaches the encoding FBG array. These pulses have different spectrums and different time delays. Because it is difficult for an attacker to recover the original pulse if he doesn't know the exact structure of the encoding FBG array, one can say that the information from the optical source has been encrypted. The coded signal will be recovered by the decoding FBG array having the inverse structure of the encoding FBG array. Because various structures of encoding FBG arrays could generate different reflected pulses to ensure the security of communication in the unsafe channels, grating tuning techniques are used broadly to increase the modes of the systems. Some models of the systems will be introduced and their security will be discussed. Bent sequence is generated by a general class of bent functions to charge the modes of FBG arrays in order to increase the security of our systems because of its excellent characteristics in cryptology. That makes the optical communication system safe against the interception. Simulation and discussion will be included and the applicability of the system in the future has been prospected.
In conventional optical communication systems, the transmission signals are regular digital signals. Due to the openness of optical fiber networks, it is rather easy for eavesdroppers to obtain the transmission signals from the public fiber-link and then intercept the message directly. To address this crucial security challenge, in this work we propose a high-speed secure optical communication system in virtue of physical random temporal encryption based on private physical random phase modulation and phase-to-intensity conversion. The proposed physical random temporal encryption is performed by a module composed of a phase modulator (PM) and a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG), and the corresponding decryption is achieved with a similar module composed of an inverse-phase driven PM and an oppositedispersion CFBG. By distributing a constant-amplitude random-phase signal to the local semiconductor lasers deployed in the encryption module and decryption module, a pair of synchronized physical random PM driving signals that are not exchanged on public link can be independently generated, which guarantees the receiver end can correctly decrypt the original transmission message. Our numerical results demonstrate that with the proposed encryption scheme, the regular transmission signal is encrypted as a noise-like signal that can greatly enhance the security of message, and moreover, based on the private synchronized physical random phase modulation, the privacy of encryption and decryption are guaranteed, which prevents the eavesdroppers from intercepting transmission message. This work provides a promising strategy for the implement of high-speed high-security physical-layer optical communication.
Ensuring high speed physical layer confidential data exchange in classical optical fiber channels is a critical challenge. In this letter, we experimentally demonstrated a physical secure optical communication system based on temporal spreading-then-random phase encryption scheme for secure transmission of 25 Gb/s intensity-modulated signal. Commercial low cost continuous-wave laser is employed as the optical source, and a chirped fiber Bragg grating followed by a phase modulator is utilized as a two-dimensional encryption module. Successful encryption and decryption of 25 Gb/s confidential data have been achieved by optimizing optical hardware parameters. The demonstrated system can combine the advantages of hardware and digital encryption, exhibiting great potential for providing physical layer security in future high-speed secure optical communication systems.
In this paper, we propose several fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) based on both weak coherent state (WCS) and entanglement-assisted (EA) multidimensional QKD (MQKD) protocols with mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) derived from the complex Hadamard matrices. We also propose how to implement them by using FBGs with orthogonal impulse responses, derived from Slepian sequences. The proposed FBG-based protocols are capable of simultaneously achieving unprecedented spectral efficiency and secret-key rates in long-distance quantum communication. Regarding the WCS protocols, random base selection and FGB-MUB-based protocols are introduced. Regarding EA protocols, we introduce a generic class of FBG-based N-dimensional protocols and describe the corresponding FBG-based encoders and decoders. The security analysis of the proposed MQKD protocols is further performed by taking into account FBG fabrication imperfections, modeled by the L-neighbor model. It has been shown that the proposed MQKD protocols significantly outperform the conventional two-dimensional QKD protocols, and impose less stringent bandwidth requirements compared to multidimensional time-frequency and time-bin protocols.
Fiber Bragg gratings designed specifically for controlling the group velocity of light have been extensively studied in recent years to explore and improve their properties. Use of slow-light fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is increasingly recognized as an important component in the optical telecommunication networks, and plays a key role in resolving a problem of buffering of optical signals. This paper analyzes the slow light mechanism in FBG theoretically, explores the influences of different parameters of FBG on the characteristics of slow light by numerical simulation, and discusses the requirements for achieving large group delays.