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Physical Review A

Wave functions of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator in a static magnetic field

C. A. S. Ferreira, P. T. S. Alencar, José Maria Filardo Bassalo

Published Aug 13, 2002• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we solve for the exact wave functions of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator under the influence of a static magnetic field. This is done through the use of the so-called Ermakov invariants, similarity transformed so as to obtain a time-independent Schr\"odinger equation. In the same manner, time-dependent eigenvalues are also computed. It is shown that previous results for the invariants are particular cases for the ones found in this work.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.66.024103

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Comment on “Wave functions of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator in a static magnetic field”

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We show that the procedure used by Ferreira et al. [Phys. Rev. A 66, 024103 (2002)] is not correct for the following reasons: (i) the invariant $I(t)$ they derived does not satisfy the Liouville--Von Neuman equation. (ii) They found that the eigenvalues of $I(t)$ are time dependent which should not be the case according to the Lewis-Riesenfeld theory. We give a correct procedure to find the solution of the system they considered, i.e., the Schr\"odinger equation for a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency in the presence of a static magnetic field.

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In this paper, we solve for the exact wave functions of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator under the influence of a static magnetic field. This is done through the use of the so-called Ermakov invariants, similarity transformed so as to obtain a time-independent Schr"odinger equation. In the same manner, time-dependent eigenvalues are also computed. It is shown that previous results for the invariants are particular cases for the ones found in this work.
The invariants for the time-dependent one-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the time-dependent two-dimensional harmonic oscillator in a static magnetic field are derived from the real representation of the exact solution to the equation of motion.Mathematically,the orthogonal functions invariant is the angular momentum of an isotropic time-dependent two-dimensional harmonic oscillator.Based on the invariants obtained here,the wave function for time-dependent two-dimensional harmonic oscillator in a static magnetic field in cylindrical coordinate is simply derived and the dynamical and geometrical phases are easily got by expressing the wave function as the superpositions of the wave functions of time-dependent two-dimensional harmonic oscillator in rectangular coordinate.
We show that the procedure used by Ferreira et al. [Phys. Rev. A 66, 024103 (2002)] is not correct for the following reasons: (i) the invariant I(t)I(t)I(t) they derived does not satisfy the Liouville--Von Neuman equation. (ii) They found that the eigenvalues of I(t)I(t)I(t) are time dependent which should not be the case according to the Lewis-Riesenfeld theory. We give a correct procedure to find the solution of the system they considered, i.e., the Schr\"odinger equation for a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency in the presence of a static magnetic field.
This work is devoted to find the eigenstates of a two dimensional damped harmonic oscillator in the presence of an external magnetic field varying with respect to time with a time dependent spatial noncommutativity. It is observed that there are some specific choices of the damping factor, the time dependent frequency of the oscillator and the time dependent external magnetic field for which one can obtain interesting solutions of the time dependent noncommutative parameters. These solutions follow from the non-linear Ermakov-Pinney equation. We then obtain exact analytic forms for the phase which relates the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian with the eigenstates of the Lewis invariant. An important aspect of this study is to see the relationship between the damping and the applied magnetic field on the energy profile of the system. For this we compute the expectation value of the Hamiltonian. These are found to vary with time for different solutions of the Ermakov-Pinney equation corresponding to different choices of the damping factor, the time dependent frequency of the oscillator and the time dependent applied magnetic field. Finally, we compare our results with those in the absence of the magnetic field to determine the effect of the applied field on our system.
The analytic expression of the time evolution wavefunction of the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency in a static magnetic field is obtained using an operator-algebraic method slightly different from the usual Lie algebraic technique. The evolution operator of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency is established first by forming an operator differential equation with the su (1, 1) Lie algebra, which is deduced from the time-dependent linear unitary transformation for boson operators ( a , a †), and then by comparing this operator equation with the time evolution equation of the one-dimensional oscillator.
Solutions of the Schrödinger equation with an exact time dependence are derived as eigenfunctions of dynamical invariants which are constructed from time-independent operators using time-dependent unitary transformations. Exact solutions and a closed form expression for the corresponding time evolution operator are found for a wide range of time-dependent Hamiltonians in d dimensions, including non-Hermitean -symmetric Hamiltonians. Hamiltonians are constructed using time-dependent unitary spatial transformations comprising dilatations, translations and rotations and solutions are found in several forms: as eigenfunctions of a quadratic invariant, as coherent state eigenfunctions of boson operators, as plane wave solutions from which the general solution is obtained as an integral transform by means of the Fourier transform, and as distributional solutions for which the initial wavefunction is the Dirac δ-function. For the isotropic harmonic oscillator in d dimensions radial solutions are found which extend known results for d = 1, including Barut–Girardello and Perelomov coherent states (i.e., vector coherent states), which are shown to be related to eigenfunctions of the quadratic invariant by the ζ-transformation. This transformation, which leaves the Ermakov equation invariant, implements SU(1, 1) transformations on linear dynamical invariants. coherent states are derived also for the time-dependent linear potential. Exact solutions are found for Hamiltonians with electromagnetic interactions in which the time-dependent magnetic and electric fields are not necessarily spatially uniform. As an example, it is shown how to find exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the Dirac magnetic monopole in the presence of time-dependent magnetic and electric fields of a specified form.
The time-dependent Schrdinger equation for the harmonic oscillator with time-dependent frequency ω=ω(t) and mass m=m(0)ω(0)ω(t)exp[2c∫t0ω(t)dt] can be solved by means of simple transformation and separation of variables.The wave functions are obtained for c21,c2=1 and c21,respectively.When |x|→∞,the wave function for c21 tends to zero but it is not so for c2≥1.Finally,some special cases are given for the time-dependent harmonic oscillator and one of them is similar to a damped harmonic oscillator.