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Laser Physics

Manifestation of the van der Waals surface interaction in the spontaneous emission of atoms into an optical nanofiber

Vladimir G. Minogin, Síle Nic Chormaic

Published Jul 29, 2009• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the spontaneous emission of atoms near an optical nanofiber and analyze the coupling efficiency of the spontaneous emission into a nanofiber. We also investigate the influence of the van der Waals interaction of atoms with the surface of the optical nanofiber on the spectrum of coupled light. Using, as an example, 85 Rb atoms we show that the van der Waals interaction may considerably extend the red wing of the spontaneous emission line and, accordingly, produce a well-defined asymmetry of the spontaneous emission spectrum coupled into an optical nanofiber.

DOI
10.1134/s1054660x09170137

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We measure the modification of the transmission spectra of cold 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms in the proximity of an optical nanofiber (ONF). Van der Waals interactions between the atoms an the ONF surface decrease the resonance frequency of atoms closer to the surface. An asymmetric spectra of the atoms holds information of their spatial distribution around the ONF. We use a far-detuned laser beam coupled to the ONF to thermally excite atoms at the ONF surface. We study the change of transmission spectrum of these atoms as a function of heating laser power. A semiclassical phenomenological model for the thermal excitation of atoms in the atom-surface van der Waals bound states is in good agreement with the measurements. This result suggests that van der Waals potentials could be used to trap and probe atoms at few nanometers from a dielectric surface, a key tool for hybrid photonic-atomic quantum systems.
We present measurements of the transmission spectra of 87Rb atoms at 780 nm in the vicinity of a nanofiber. A uniform distribution of fixed atoms around a nanofiber should produce a spectrum that is broadened towards the red due to shifts from the van der Waals potential. If the atoms are free, this also produces an attractive force that accelerates them until they collide with the fiber which depletes the steady-state density of near-surface atoms. It is for this reason that measurements of the van der Waals interaction are sparse. We confirm this by measuring the spectrum cold atoms from a magneto-optical trap around the fiber, revealing a symmetric line shape with nearly the natural linewidth of the transition. When we use an auxiliary 750 nm laser we are able to controllably desorb a steady flux of atoms from the fiber that reside near the surface (less than 50 nm) long enough to feel the van der Walls interaction and produce an asymmetric spectrum. We quantify the spectral asymmetry as a function of 750 nm laser power and find a maximum. Our model, which that takes into account the change in the density distribution, qualitatively explains the observations. In the future this can be used as a tool to more comprehensively study atom-surface interactions.