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Applied Physics Letters

Overcoming gain-bandwidth product constraint in slow light Raman amplification with the use of light-stopping schemes

Sunil Sandhu, Michelle L. Povinelli, Shanhui Fan

Published Aug 24, 2009• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that a light-stopping system with Raman amplification can overcome the gain-bandwidth constraint of slow light Raman amplification systems. The gain scales linearly with the time the pulse spends in the stopped state and is thus much larger than the gain experienced in a slow light system of the same length and operating bandwidth. We present a theoretical analysis of Raman amplification in such a light-stopping system and verify the results using numerical simulations.

DOI
10.1063/1.3211126

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We show that a light-stopping system with Raman amplification can overcome the gain-bandwidth constraint of slow light Raman amplification systems. The gain scales linearly with the time the pulse spends in the stopped state and is thus much larger than the gain experienced in a slow light system of the same length and operating bandwidth. We present a theoretical analysis of Raman amplification in such a light-stopping system and verify the results using numerical simulations.
The dispersion experienced by a signal in a slow light system leads to a significant pulse broadening and sets a limit to the maximum delay actually achievable by the system. To overcome this limitation, a substantial research effort is currently being carried out, and successful strategies to reduce distortion in linear slow light systems have already been demonstrated. Recent theoretical and experimental works have even claimed the achievement of zero-broadening of pulses in these systems. In this work we obtain some physical limits to broadening compensation in linear slow light systems based on simple Fourier analysis. We show that gain and dispersion broadening can never compensate in such a system. Additionally, it is simply proven that all the linear slow light systems that introduce a low-pass filtering of the signal (a reduction in the signal root-mean- square spectral width), will always cause pulse broadening. These demonstrations are done using a rigorous shape-independent definition of pulse width (the root-mean-square temporal width) and arguments borrowed from time-frequency analysis.
We present the methodology for designing the optimal gain profiles for slow-light systems under the given system constraints. Optimal system designs for the multiple Lorentzian gain lines make the gain spectrum uniform over larger bandwidth compared to the single-line gain system. The design procedure for the multiple-line gain systems is modified to make the gain spectrum uniform over arbitrarily broad bandwidth and applied to the design of the gain-only and gain+absorption slow-light media. The optimization of the triple-line gain system improves the delay-bandwidth product 1.7 times the delay-bandwidth product for the single-line gain system. For the broadband slow-light system, the optimal gain + absorption design and the optimal gain-only design improve the fractional delay performance by factors of 1.8 and 1.4, respectively, compared to the Gaussian noise pump broadened (GNPB) system.
We study analytically pulse distortion in linear slow light systems, and provide some useful limits on these devices. Additionally, we also show that the contributions of phase and amplitude broadening can be de-coupled and quantified. It is observed that phase broadening is generally smaller than amplitude broadening in conventional slow light media (lorentzian gain profile) except for very large fractional delays, where it becomes larger. Upon these expressions, we may envisage new strategies to minimize the distortion in the delaying of pulses, depending on the specific application and the required fractional delay. To overcome the residual distortion, we show that nonlinear systems can lead to a resharpening of the pulses and a re-generation of the filtered frequencies.