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Optics Letters

Super spontaneous four-wave mixing in single-channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonator structures

L. G. Helt, John E. Sipe, Marco Liscidini

Published Oct 22, 2012• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a single-channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators within a fully quantum formalism. We show that the probability of photon pair production can scale quadratically with the number of resonators, a phenomenon we call super SFWM, in analogy with super-radiant spontaneous emission. Remarkably, in this situation the spectral probability density of the generated photons is independent of the number of rings.

DOI
10.1364/ol.37.004431

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We consider spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a single-channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators within a fully quantum formalism. We show that the probability of photon pair production can scale quadratically with the number of resonators, a phenomenon we call super SFWM, in analogy with super-radiant spontaneous emission. Remarkably, in this situation the spectral probability density of the generated photons is independent of the number of rings.
We investigate spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a single-channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators (SCISSOR). Analytic expressions for the number of photon pairs generated, as well as the biphoton wave function (joint spectral amplitude) describing the pairs, are derived and numerically computed for different pump pulse durations and numbers of ring resonators. In the limit of a long input pump pulse, we show a strong analogy between super-linear scaling of generation efficiency with respect to the number of rings in the structure and Dicke superradiance. More generally, we discuss in detail the factors that influence the shape of the biphoton wave function, as well as the conditions for observing super-SFWM.
Cooperative photon pair generation by Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing (SFWM) process in singlechannel and dual-channel side-coupled ring resonator sequences is investigated. Our analysis shows that superlinear growth of generation rate with respect to the number of rings is possible even in presence of loss. Experimental evidence of super-SFWM is provided by comparing individual and collective generation rates obtained from a dual-channel ring resonator sequence. The results are in good agreement with theory and suggest that high photon pair generation rates can be achieved from integrated silicon ring resonator sequences without initiating nonlinear absorption processes.
Composite optical systems can show compelling collective dynamics. For instance, the cooperative decay of quantum emitters into a common radiation mode can lead to super-radiance, where the emission rate of the ensemble is larger than the sum of the rates of the individual emitters. Here, we report experimental evidence of super spontaneous four-wave mixing, an analogous effect for the generation of photon pairs in a parametric nonlinear process on an integrated photonic device. We study this phenomenon in an array of microring resonators on a silicon photonic chip coupled to bus waveguides. We measure a cooperative pair-generation rate that always exceeds the incoherent sum of the rates of the individual resonators. We investigate the physical mechanisms underlying this collective behavior, clarify the impact of loss, and address the aspects of fundamental and technological relevance of our results.